112 research outputs found
Knowledge levels of medical faculty students and residents about ionizing radiation
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels of medical school students and
residents about ionising radiation. The study is designed as descriptive research,
and it was conducted with 369 medical school students and residents. A survey
form was used in the research. A Chi-square test was used to compare categorical
variables. In the study, 369 people were reached within the scope of the research.
A total of 60.7% of the research participants were clinical medicine students (4th,
5th, 6th grade) and 39.3% were residents. A total of 42.0% of the participants of
the study were male, 58.0% were women. It was found that 17.9% of the clinical
medical students and 18.6% of the residents had sufficient knowledge of ionising
radiation (p=0.002). A total of 87.0% of the participants in the study answered
correctly that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not contain radiation and
93.5% answered correctly that ultrasonography (USG) does not contain radiation.
74.8% of the participants stated that having knowledge about ionising radiation
would contribute to “protecting sensitive groups from ionising radiation” in medical
practice. This ratio is 77.2% in clinical medicine students and 71.0% in residents.
The study found that knowledge levels of medical faculty students and residents
about ionising radiation were insufficient. Medical students and residents are
recommended to be trained on radiation and the radiological requests of residents
to be evaluated
The Global Burden of Alveolar Echinococcosis
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is amongst the world's most dangerous zoonoses. Transmission to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs which are excreted in the faeces of the definitive hosts: foxes and, increasingly, dogs. Transmission can be through contact with the definitive host or indirectly through contamination of food or possibly water with parasite eggs. We made an intensive search of English, Russian, Chinese and other language databases. We targeted data which could give country specific incidence or prevalence of disease and searched for data from every country we believed to be endemic for AE. We also used data from other sources (often unpublished). From this information we were able to make an estimate of the annual global incidence of disease and disease burden using standard techniques for calculation of DALYs. Our studies suggest that AE results in a median of 18,235 cases globally with a burden of 666,433 DALYs per annum. This is the first estimate of the global burden of AE both in terms of global incidence and DALYs and demonstrates the burden of AE is comparable to several diseases in the neglected tropical disease cluster
Author Correction: Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases
Emmanuelle Souzeau, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this Article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Формирование эмоциональной культуры как компонента инновационной культуры студентов
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been
IMI - Myopia Genetics Report
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed.We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes.To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression.The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth
IMI - Myopia Genetics Report
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded
dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of
current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed.
We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key
stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high
myopia, and myopia related to syndromes.
To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk
variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several
genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic
risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated
genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression.
The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As
the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee
recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data
analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial
occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to
bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth
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