“Eu presto atenção no que eles dizem, mas eles não dizem nada”: juventude sob dois aspectos (o de sua constituição e de suas representações e o da sociedade pelos jornais)

The present work raises the emergence of movements such as Punk and Hip Hop, in the city of Fortaleza, while creating a space for social and political action, by sectors excluded from the population and records their worldview, their analyzes of the city and the world. that surrounds them, revealing their interventions in the social. His lyrics are placed in counterpoint to the presentation made in the media of a disfigured, faceless youth, subject to market needs or other interests.O presente trabalho coloca o surgimento de movimentos como o Punk e o Hip Hop, na cidade de Fortaleza enquanto criação de um espaço de atuação social e política, por parte de setores excluídos da população e registra sua cosmovisão, suas análises da cidade e do mundo que os cerca, revelando suas intervenções no social. Suas letras são colocadas em contraponto à apresentação feita na mídia de uma juventude desfigurada, sem face, sujeita às necessidades de mercado ou a interesses outros

Vozes do povo pelas ondas de rádio se espalham pela cidade: Duas experiências musicais de cantadores do/no Nordeste Brasileiro

Este artigo re-apresenta velhos conhecidos da cultura brasileira dando-lhes face e mostrando suas interferências sociais, revelando suas táticas de inserção no mundo social e urbano a partir das experiências musicais de dois cantadores: Cesanildo Lima e Chico Motta

CANTORIA COMO TRADIÇÃO ORAL:: A POÉTICA DA VOZ E A ARTIMANHA FEMININA

This article aims to reflect on the ways in which women have found to break the silences imposed on their existence in the context of cantoria (a kind of singing that consist in create improvised verses), as well as to consider cantoria as a secular tradition related to the performing community. We observe how the artists of this artistic, cultural, and popular manifestation reverberate the patriarchal structure of our society, and how our socio-historical actors, women, are inserted and remain in cantoria not only as an audience but also as artists. To achieve this goal, we rely on the methodology of Oral History, using the interview as a tool through which we extract a facet of the trajectory of the cantadora (feminine noun for who practice cantoria)ToinhaBrito from Ceará (State of Brazil), in which we perceive what we will call artimanha feminina in cantoria de repente.O presente artigo tem como objetivo central refletir sobre as formas que mulheres encontraram para romper com os silêncios impostos sobre suas existências no contexto da cantoria de repente, além de pensar a cantoria enquanto tradição secular relacionada à comunidade performática observamos como os/as artífices desta manifestação artística, cultural e popular reverberam a estrutura patriarcal de nossa sociedade e como nossos atores sócio-históricos, as mulheres, se inserem e permanecem na cantoria não mais como público apenas, mas também como artistas.Para alcançar tal intento, nos amparamos na metodologia da História Oral, através da ferramenta da entrevista, por meio da qual extraímos uma faceta da trajetória da cantadora cearenseToinha Brito, na qual percebemos o que chamaremos de artimanha feminina no repente

Comunidades mais que imaginadas - ou da “ascese” juvenil nordestina: as juventudes de Fortaleza e Recife no final do século XX

This text reflects on the youth manifestations in two of the most important Northeastern cities, Fortaleza and Recife, taking them as a starting point for a dual ownership: the cities interfering in broader social processes and the auto-creation of a socio-historical actor increasingly relevant in the contemporary world: youths. The creation of their “movements”, brought from notions of beauty and ethics, indicates the path trodden by these intercessors of social and political process. The formation of communities that share affectivity, ideas, practices, places and a common language, usually occurred/occurs in a procedural and slow way marked by a complex process of discovery of the self and the other, which involves several tactics, including the creation of movements.Este texto reflete sobre as manifestações juvenis em duas das mais importantes cidades nordestinas, Fortaleza e Recife, tomando-as como ponto de partida para uma dupla apropriação: das cidades como interferentes em processos sociais mais amplos; e, da auto-criação de um ator sócio-histórico cada vez mais relevante no mundo contemporâneo: os jovens. A criação de seus “movimentos”, instaurados a partir de noções de beleza e de ética próprias, indiciam o caminho trilhado por estes intercessores do processo político e social. A formação de comunidades que compartilham afetividades, ideias, práticas, lugares e uma linguagem comum, em geral se deu/dá de uma forma processual, lenta e marcada por um processo complexo de descoberta de si e do outro e que envolve táticas diversas, dentre elas a criação de seus movimentos

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022 : a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

A list of authors and their affiliations appears online. A supplementary appendix is herewith attached.Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.peer-reviewe

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

APRESENTAÇÃO

This issue of the History and Cultures Magazine brings discussions classicallyculture, and, in this sense, lives up to what it proposes - to discussculture in its relations with history in an open way, that is, in direct contact withthe other disciplines of the human sciences - what is actually done here.This dossier is the result of the efforts of researchers andreflect on the multi-faceted arts. And, moreover, more than that, it is, in fact, the initialdialogue that was made at a seminar homonymous to this dossier held in the premisesof the State University of Ceará, promoted by the Laboratory ofHistory and Cultures Research - DÍCTISEste número da Revista História e Culturas traz discussões classicamente associadas às noções de cultura e, neste sentido, faz jus ao que se propõe – discutir a cultura em suas relações com a história de forma aberta, ou seja, em contato direto com as demais disciplinas das ciências humanas – o que de fato se faz aqui.Este dossiê é o resultado dos esforços de pesquisadores e pensadores em refletir sobre as artes em multifaces. E, também, mais do que isso, é, de fato, o inicial diálogo que foi feito em seminário homônimo a este dossiê realizado nas dependências da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, promovido pelo Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas em História e Culturas – DÍCTIS

Apresentação

Apresentação, sumário e expediente da revista