Sum rules and dualities for generalized parton distributions: is there a holographic principle?

To leading order approximation, the physical content of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) that is accessible in deep virtual electroproduction of photons or mesons is contained in their value on the cross-over trajectory. This trajectory separates the t-channel and s-channel dominated GPD regions. The underlying Lorentz covariance implies correspondence between these two regions through their relation to GPDs on the cross-over trajectory. This point of view leads to a family of GPD sum rules which are a quark analogue of finite energy sum rules and it guides us to a new phenomenological GPD concept. As an example, we discuss the constraints from the JLab/Hall A data on the dominant u-quark GPD H. The question arises whether GPDs are governed by some kind of holographic principle.Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures, Sect. 2 reorganized for clarity. Typos in Eq. (20) corrected. 4 new refs. Matches published versio

Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Do Deferoxamine, Ticlopidin or Trimetazidine prevent Sevoflurane nephrotoxicity? An electron microscopic study

Introduction: Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic drug. Several biochemical, pharmacologic and physiologic studies have showed nephrotoxicity of Sevoflurane[1,2,3]. Histopathologic studies reported tubular damage and tubular cellular hyperplasia after the administration of Sevoflurane[4]. Deferoxamine(DFO) is known to protect against myoglobinuric acute renal failure[5]. It has been suggested that Ticlopidine(TIC) does not prevent nephropathies but has beneficial effects[6]. Fang et al. showed that TIC inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and collagen synthesis[7]. There is another study reporting that TIC induces acute interstitial nephrite and cause an increase of the number of lymphocytes and eosinophil leucocytes in interstitial tissue[8]. Trimetazidine(TMZ) has anti-ischemic effects and protects tissue damage in kidney[5, 9, 10, 11]. These studies lead us to investigate if DFO, TIC or TMZ can prevent the nephrotoxicity of Sevoflurane at morphologic level. Materials & Methods: Fifty male Wistar-Albino rats were used for this experimental study. They were divided into five groups randomly: Group I was control and had 1.5 cc saline two times a day. Group II had 15%Oxygen+85% Nitricoxide+3%Sevoflurane in a special designed chamber for 1 hour. Group III had i.m. 15 mg DFO(Desferal, Novartis) for 7 days and then they inhaled the same Sevoflurane combination as Group II for 1 hour. Group IV had oral 25 mg TIC(Ticlid, Sanofi) that was dissolved in 1.5 cc saline. After that, they had same Sevoflurane combination for 1 hour. Group V had oral 0,5 mg TMZ(Vastarel, Servier) that was dissolved in 1,5 cc saline. They also inhaled Sevoflurane combination at the same way with the other groups. Biopsy specimens from renal cortex of each rat were embedded in Araldite and the ultrathin sections were examined under transmission electron microscope. Results: Electron microscopic findings were as the follows: Group I: Glomeruli, proximal tubules and distal tubules showed normal electron microscopic features. Group II: Basement membranes of proximal and distal tubules were irregular. The relationships between the cells and the basement membranes were decreased. The foldings at the basal side of the cells were diminished. Frequency of the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal cells was less. There were gaps between the epithelial cells. Basement membranes of glomeruli were regular. Pedicels of podocytes were irregular at some places. Mesangial matrix increased slightly. Nuclear chromatin of some endothelial cells, podocytes and mesangial cells were condensed. Group III: The electron microscopic findings in tubular cells were similar to the findings, which were observed in Group II. However, they were less significant. There were no changes in glomeruli. Group IV: The main significant ultrastuctural finding in tubular epithelial cells was the increase of foldings at the basal side. Fine structure of glomeruli showed no abnormalities. Group V: The foldings at the basal side of proximal and distal tubular cells were increased. There were big gaps between the epithelial cells. The raise in the number of lysosomes were evident. There were some changes in glomeruli, too: Mesangial matrix was increased. Pedicels of podocytes lost their regularity partly. Conclusions: Tubular cells are very sensitive to ischcmic damage. Our observations after the administration of Sevoflurane reflect the reversible tubular findings, which were seen after ischemia. Irreversible changes after ischemia were not clear at this experiment. Either DFO or TIC caused diminishment of the microscopic findings. We conclude that the anti-oxidant effects of these drugs might be useful to prevent nephrotoxicity of Sevoflurane. Fine structural changes after the treatment with TMZ were similar to the findings observed after Sevoflurane administration. This suggests that TMZ was not successful to prevent the nephrotoxicity of Sevoflurane. Our findings related with DFO and TIC are consistent with the previous studies. However, the results of this study did not show beneficial effects of TMZ as it has been reported previously at clinical studies. Attemption of different dosages and different duration times for the application of this drug with Sevoflurane might be helpful to verify if TMZ can prevent Sevoflurane nephrotoxicity

The effects of oral administration of Aloe vera [barbadensis] on rat central nervous system: An experimental preliminary study

Aloe vera [barbadensis] (Av) is widely used for both commercial and therapeutic purposes. It has been used for an array of ailments since ancient times as a medicinal plant. There are more than 360 diffcrent species of Av. Its products have been used in health foods for medical and preservative purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Av on the rat's central nervous system; since there are limited studies on that issue. Gel form of Av is used in the study. It is commercial, preserved but otherwise untreated form of Av. Female Wistar Albino rats were divided into three study groups. Tissue specimens from cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus and ventricular area were processed for the microscopic examination. All sections from each group were stained with hematoxylin eosin and cresyl violet. Our results indicate that Av did not have any clear toxic effects on both neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system in different areas. Cytoplasmic features of the neurons, Nissle bodies, axonal hillock, and nuclei of neurons were the same after the treatment. However; the relationship between the Purkinje cells and the surrounding cerebellar tissue was decreased in the treated group. The other important finding was the change of ependymal cells at the ventricular zone: The number and the height of these cells were obviously increased. The single layered epithelium changed into the stratified epithelium in certain areas. It was also evident that microvilli and the cilia on the apical side of these cell increased dramatically. The capillaries in the region of choroid plexus were also dramatically increased. We believe that further studies related with these morphological changes will be helpful to understand the mechanism(s) of the similar transformation of the cells in different conditions. © Neuroanatomy

Use of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the detection of amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity in a rabbit model: A comparative study with technetium-99m diethyltriaminepenta acetic acid radioaerosol scintigraphy

The purpose of the study was; (i) to determine whether 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is sensitive for detection of amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) and (ii) to compare it with 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol. Twelve white New Zealand rabbit with initial mean body weight 4.24 ± 0.47 g were divided into two groups. AIPT group (n = 7) was administered amiodarone (20 mg/kg BW). The control group (n = 5) received the same amount of 0.9% saline. All animals underwent 123I-MIBG and 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy at the end of the treatment period. 123I-MIBG static thorax images were obtained during 10 minutes at 15 minutes and 3-hours after intravenous injection of the radiopharmaceutical. Lung to heart ratios (LHR) and lung to mediastinum ratios (LMR), and retention index (LRI) of 123I-MIBG were determined. Two days after 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy was performed, and clearance from the lungs was measured for 10 min (1 min/frame) following termination of inhalation. 123I-MIBG lung retention index (LRI) was significantly higher in the AIPT group than the control (61 ± 4.6 vs. 40 ± 4.5, p = 0.01). Early LHR and LMR were significantly lower in the AIPT group than in the control group (p = 0.04, p = 0.01, respectively), whereas those of late LHR and LMR were not significantly different. T 1/2 values of DTPA clearance were significantly increased in AIPT group according to the control group (55 ± 7.2 vs. 86.6 ± 18.5, p = 0.02). 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is a valuable tool for detecting AIPT in a rabbit model. Additionally, 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy is an excellent comprehensive investigational tool for detecting AIPT with the added advantage of lower cost

Histopathologic examination of the effects of cyclosporin A alone and the combined therapy with prednisolone on lung: An experimental study

[No abstract available

Search for Dirac magnetic monopoles in e(+)e(-) collisions with the OPAL detector at LEP2.

This Letter describes a direct search for pair produced magnetic monopoles in e(+)e(-) collisions. The analysis is based on 62.7 pb(-1) of data collected with the OPAL detector at an average centre-of-mass energy of root S = 206.3 GeV. The monopole signal was assumed to be characterized by two back-to-back particles with an anomalously high ionization energy loss dE/dx in the tracking chambers. No evidence for production of monopoles was observed. Upper limits were obtained on the magnetic monopole pair-production cross-section (sigma) in the mass range 45 GeV/c(2) < m(M) < 102 GeV/c(2). The average limit is sigma < 0.05 pb and is essentially independent of the magnetic monopole mass. The cross-section limit is derived at the 95% confidence level and is valid for spin-1/2 magnetic monopoles. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V