Partnership within the framework of governance and the town-twining relations of the municipal governments: Ankara Metropolitan Municipality example

20. yüzyılla etkilerini hissettirmeye başlayan “yönetişim, ortaklıklar ve kardeş şehircilik olguları”, yerel yönetimlerde çok geniş uygulama alanları bulmuş, bu olgulara atfedilen önem, tüm dünyada büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Yönetişimde uygulanan bir strateji olarak adlandırılabilecek ortaklıklar, beraberinde kardeş şehir ilişkilerini de getirmiştir. Bu nedenle bu tez, bu kavramların, modern dünyada ve gündelik hayatta yönetim yapılarını nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konulması amacıyla yazılmıştır. Çalışmanın diğer bir amacı da, daha önce pek değinilmeyen bölgesel ya da ulusal nitelikteki kardeş şehir uygulamalarının ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel alandaki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Yerel yönetimler her ne kadar yönetişim modelini kendi bünyelerinde uygulasalar ya da uygulamaya çalışsalar da günümüz koşullarında çeşitliliği artan ihtiyaçlar ulusal ve uluslararası alanlarda birtakım ortaklıklar ve işbirlikleri kurmayı zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Küreselleşme eğilimlerinin arttığı bu dönemde beliren ihtiyaçlar karşısında belediyeler kendi imkânlarıyla çıkış bulamadıkları noktada ortaklık ve kardeşlik ilişkileriyle çözüm aramış ve ihtiyaçların sadece ekonomik olmadığı, ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte hem ülkelerin hem de kentlerin birbirlerinin kültürlerini tanımak istediği görülmüştür. Bu bilgiler ışığında, Türkiye’nin başkenti olan “Ankara”nın kardeş şehirleriyle ilişkileri ve bu ilişkilerin ne gibi etkiler yarattığı bu tezde incelenmiştir.Making their influences known in the 20th century, phenomena such as “governance, partnership and town twinning” have undergone a vast range of practical implementation in local governments and the importance attributed to these phenomena has come into prominence all over the world. The phenomenon of partnership, which can be described as a strategy used in governance, has brought about town twinning relations. For this reason, this thesis has been written in order to exhibit how these phenomena affect governmental institutions both in the modern world and in daily life. Another purpose of the present study is to determine the economic, social, cultural and environmental effects of regional or national town-twinning implementations which have not been quite touched upon in this frame. No matter how much the local governments enforce or try to enforce a governance model in their own entities, the continuously varying needs in today’s conditions have made it obligatory to establish some partnerships and co-operations in national and international areas. Faced with the requirements of the globalized world, at the point where the municipalities could not find a solution through their own means, they looked for a solution through affiliation and town-twinning, and they saw that the needs were not only economic; the countries and the cities would like to know the cultures of one another both on a national and an international level. In the light of these data, the relations of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, with its twin towns and the effects these relations create have been examined in this study

Validity and Reliability Study of Turkish Version of Number Sense Screener for Children Aged 72-83 Months

The objective of this study is to perform a validity and reliability examination of Number Sense Screener (NSS) by applying it to Turkish children aged 72-83 months. The universe of this general survey model study was constituted by 72-83-month old children showing normal development and studying at primary schools under the authority of the Ministry of National Education in central Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey. In sample selection, primary schools with different socioeconomic levels (low, medium, and high) were determined by taking into account the representation capability of the universe in Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey, and 672 children were selected from these schools through systematic sampling method. Validity and reliability studies were carried out using data from the NSS application. In light of the performed analyses, the difficulty and discrimination indexes of the items of NSS have been determined to range between 0.38 and 0.97, and 0.16 and 0.64, respectively. The reliability coefficients calculated for the whole of NSS have been determined to be between .876 and .884. The infit and outfit statistics of the items of NSS have been concluded to be extremely good. In DIF analysis performed in order to determine whether the items of NSS are gender-biased, the scale items have been concluded to be unbiased

Feeding behaviour and digestion physiology in larval fish – current knowledge and gaps and bottlenecks in research

Food uptake follows rules defined by feeding behaviour that determines the kind and quantity of food ingested by fish larvae as well as how live prey and food particles are detected, captured and ingested. Feeding success depends on the progressive development of anatomical characteristics and physiological functions and on the availability of suitable food items throughout larval development. The fish larval stages present eco-morpho-physiological features very different from adults and differ from one species to another. The organoleptic properties, dimensions, detectability, movements characteristics and buoyancy of food items are all crucial features that should be considered, but is often ignored, in feeding regimes. Ontogenetic changes in digestive function lead to limitations in the ability to process certain feedstuffs. There is still a lack of knowledge about the digestion and absorption of various nutrients and about the ontogeny of basic physiological mechanisms in fish larvae, including how they are affected by genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The neural and hormonal regulation of the digestive process and of appetite is critical for optimizing digestion. These processes are still poorly described in fish larvae and attempts to develop optimal feeding regimes are often still on a ‘trial and error’ basis. A holistic understanding of feeding ecology and digestive functions is important for designing diets for fish larvae and the adaptation of rearing conditions to meet requirements for the best presentation of prey and microdiets, and their optimal ingestion, digestion and absorption. More research that targets gaps in our knowledge should advance larval rearing

Activity of the Digestive Protease, Chymotrypsin, in Larvae of the Cultured Sharpsnout Sea Bream (Diplodus puntazzo)

Specific and total activity of the digestive protease, chymotrypsin, was studied in cultured sharp- snout sea bream larvae (Diplodus puntazzo) for 35 days from hatching and in a variety of pH lev- els. Activity was detected upon hatching (2.8±0.34 mm total length), before the onset of exoge- nous feeding. Specific chymotrypsin activity exponentially increased from mouth opening on day 3 until day 25, then dropped until the end of the experiment. Total chymotrypsin activity sharply increased to day 10, then continued to increase, but slightly, until the end of the experiment. As expected, pH strongly affected both specific and total chymotryptic activity in the digestive tracts of larvae. Both were significantly lower when pH was acidic (1.5, 3.0, 4.0) than when it was alka- line (8.0, 9.0, 10.0) although there were no significant differences within either the acidic or the alkaline range. Our results indicate that chymotrypsin activity is capable of digesting protein before mouth opening and may be a valuable tool for better understanding the nutritional capa- bilities of young larvae

60-72 aylık çocukların dikkat yetisi ile geometri ve sesbilgisel farkındalık becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among attention abilities, geometry, and phonological awareness skills of 60-72 months old children. The accessible population of the research in the relational scanning model consisted of 60-72 months old children attending to kindergartens and nursery classes of elementary schools in a province of Turkey in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study included 347 children aged 60-72 months, who were randomly selected to attend high, middle, and lower socio-economic level schools and volunteered to participate in the research. In the research, "General Information Form" to collect data about children and their parents, "Frankfurter Test Für Funjahrige Konzentration –FTF-K” (Attention Gathering Test of Five-Year-old Children) developed by Raatz and Möhling in 1971 to determine children's attention levels and adapted by Gözüm (2017), "Early Geometry Skills Test" developed by Sezer (2015) to assess children's geometry skills and "Early Literacy Skills Assessment Tool" consisting of five subtests developed by Karaman and Güngör Aytar (2016) to measure the phonological awareness skills of children were used as data collection tools. Simple Linear Regression and Pearson Correlation tests, which are parametric tests, were used to analyze the data. As a result of the findings, it was found out that the children's attention ability was high, and their geometry and phonological awareness skills were low. Children's attention ability significantly predicted their geometry and phonological awareness skills. It was concluded that there were significant relationships between gender, parental education level variables, and children's geometry skills and phonological awareness skills. Keywords: Attention ability, geometry skill, phonological awareness skill, 60-72-month-old children, preschool educationBu araştırmanın amacı, 60-72 aylık çocukların dikkat yetisi ile geometri ve sesbilgisel farkındalık becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelindeki araştırmanın ulaşılabilir evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Türkiye2nin bir ilinde merkez anaokulları ve anasınıflarında öğrenim gören 60-72 aylık çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemine ise tesadüfi olarak seçilen üst, orta ve alt sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki okullara devam eden, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü, 60-72 aylık çocuklar arasından 347 çocuk alınmıştır. Araştırmada çocuklar ve aileler hakkında veri toplamak amacıyla "Genel Bilgi Formu", çocukların dikkat düzeylerini belirlemek için Raatz ve Möhling tarafından 1971 yılında geliştirilen Gözüm (2017) tarafından uyarlanan "Frankfurter Dikkat Testi", çocukların geometri becerilerini ölçmek için Sezer (2015) tarafından geliştirilen “Erken Geometri Beceri Testi” ve çocukların sesbilgisel farkındalık becerilerini ölçmek için Karaman ve Güngör Aytar (2016) tarafından geliştirilen ve beş alt testten oluşan “Erken Okuryazarlık Becerilerini Değerlendirme Aracı”ndan Sesbilgisel Farkındalık Alt Testi veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde parametrik testlerden Basit Doğrusal Regresyon ve Pearson Korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, çocukların dikkat yetisinin yüksek olduğu, geometri ve sesbilgisel farkındalık becerilerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çocukların dikkat yetisi geometri ve sesbilgisel farkındalık becerilerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Cinsiyet, anne-baba öğrenim düzeyi değişkenleri ile çocukların geometri becerileri ile sesbilgisel farkındalık becerileri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dikkat yetisi, geometri becerisi, sesbilgisel farkındalık becerisi, 60-72 aylık çocuklar, okul öncesi eğiti

Digestive enzyme activities in larvae of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

WOS: 000249231400028PubMed ID: 17651999The ontogenesis and specific activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes were investigated in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo, during larval development until the end of weaning on day 50. The green-water technique was carried out for larval rearing in triplicate. Trypsin was first detected as early as hatching and sharply increased related to age and exogenous feeding until day 25, but a sharp decrease was observed towards the end of the experiment. Amylase was determined 2 days after hatching (DAH) and sharply increased to 10 DAH. Afterwards, slight decreases were found between 10 and 20 DAH and then slow alterations were continued until end of the experiment. Lipase was measured for the first time on day 4, and then slight increase was found to 25 DAH. After this date, slow variations were maintained until end of the experiment. Pepsin was firstly assayed 32 DAH related with stomach formation and sharply increased to 40 DAH. Then it was fluctuated until end of the experiment. Enzymes of brush border membranes, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N, showed similar pattern on specific activities during the first 10 days. Thereafter, while specific activity of alkaline phosphatase slightly decreased to 15 DAH and fluctuated until 20 DAH, aminopeptidase N activity slowly declined to 20 DAH. Afterwards, activity of alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N were sharply increased to 30 DAH, showing maturation of the intestinal digestive process and also these activities continued to slight increase until end of the experiment. The specific activity of cytosolic peptidase, leucine-alanine peptidase sharply increased to on day 8, then suddenly declined to 12 DAH and further decreased until 20 DAH. After this date, in contrast to enzymes of brush border membranes, it sharply decreased to 25 DAH and continued to gradually decline until the end of the experiment. These converse expressions were indicative of a maturation of enterocytes and the transition to an adult mode of digestion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved