A gestão do conhecimento e a inovação organizacional na construção civil

Orientador: Prof. Ricardo Mendes Jr, Dr.Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Construção Civil. Defesa: Curitiba, 2003Inclui referências: p. 113-115Resumo: A presente dissertação trata da identificação das práticas empresariais relacionadas à gestão do conhecimento e inovação organizacional de uma empresa construtora. A fundamentação teórica contemplou a gestão do conhecimento e sua relação com a inovação organizacional. O setor da construção também foi caracterizado com ênfase em seu processo de trabalho, inovações tecnológicas e gestão do conhecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário e a realização de entrevistas. Como resultado, foram identificadas diversas práticas empresariais relacionadas à gestão do conhecimento e inovação organizacional. Embora explicitadas dos processos e cultura da empresa construtora, verificou-se que apenas uma pequena parcela delas estão sendo sistematicamente gerenciadas. Conclui-se que a Gestão do Conhecimento existe em potencial na empresa construtora.Abstract: The present dissertation deals with the identification of the enterprise practices related to the knowledge management and organizational innovation in a construction company. The theoretical groundwork regarded knowledge management and its relation with the organizational innovation. The construction sector was also characterized with emphasis in its work process, technological innovations and knowledge management. The research was carried through the application of a questionnaire and the accomplishment of interviews. As result, they had been identified different enterprise practices related to the knowledge management and organizational innovation. Although explicited from the process and culture of the construction company, it was verified that only a small parcel of them are being systematically managed. It is concluded that the Knowledge Management exists potentially at the construction company

AVALIAÇÃO PÓS-CONSTRUÇÃO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS: CONTRATAÇÃO EM ETAPAS DE EXECUÇÃO

In Brazil, every public institution has autonomy, in compliance with current legislation, to decide the delivery method, according to its experience and team capacity, This paper proposes to evaluate multi prime contracting construction procurement based on a post-construction performance analysis for a Brazilian public university. The results suggest that buildings constructed in one stage have lower productivity and unit cost, when compared to two stage procurement. However, it was noted that the relevance of post-construction evaluation is on improving institution management processes, rather than a construction judgment instrument.En Brasil, cada institución pública tiene autonomía, respetando la legislación vigente, para decidir la forma de contratación, la modalidad de licitación y los mecanismos de inspección para la ejecución de una obra. Este artículo propone evaluar la estrategia de construir una obra pública con dos o más contratos, divididos en etapas de ejecución. Para esto, se realizó un análisis del desempeño de obras terminadas (pos-construcción) de una universidad federal brasileña, utilizando criterios relacionados con el tiempo (productividad y demora) y el costo (costo unitario y sobre-coste). Los resultados sugieren que los trabajos realizados en una etapa tienen una productividad y costo unitario menor en comparación con las construcciones de dos etapas. Sin embargo, se observa que la relevancia de la evaluación pos-construcción está en la posibilidad de mejorar los procesos de gestión de la institución, más que un instrumento de juicio de cada obra.No Brasil, cada instituição pública possui autonomia, respeitando a legislação vigente, para decidir a forma de contratação, a modalidade licitatória e os mecanismos de fiscalização para a execução de uma obra. Este artigo propõe avaliar a estratégia de construção de uma obra pública com dois ou mais contratos, divididos em etapas de execução. Para isto, foi realizada uma análise do desempenho de obras concluídas (pós-construção) de uma universidade federal sul brasileira, com o uso de critérios relacionados a tempo (produtividade e atraso) e custo (custo unitário e sobrecusto). Os resultados sugerem que obras executadas em uma etapa possuem menor produtividade e custo unitário, quando comparadas com construções realizadas em duas etapas. Observa-se, no entanto, que a relevância da avaliação pós-construção está na possibilidade de aprimoramento dos processos gerenciais da instituição, mais do que um instrumento para o julgamento de cada obra.DOI: 10.53706/gep.v.21.613

Beyond predator satiation : masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation

Escaping seed predation is a classic "economy of scale" hypotheses (predator satiation hypothesis, Psh) to explain the selection for the synchronous production of massive and nil seed crops (masting) in plants. The Psh postulates that predator satiation occurs through a combination of (1) "functional satiation," as not all seeds can be consumed during a massive crop, and (2) "numerical satiation," as predator populations collapse during poor crop years. Many studies advocate for the Psh, but few have investigated the importance of masting compared to other factors for the control of predation extent. Namely, environmental cues prompting masting could also determine predator's success and, ultimately, influence directly and independently seed predation intensity. We explored this question in Mediterranean oaks, as they exhibit strong masting behavior; acorns are heavily predated upon by weevils; and rainfall stochasticity drives masting and the emergence of adult weevils from the soil. Results of two mid-term studies (4 and 11 yr) showed that acorn production and predation were highly variable across years, while the abundance of adult weevils was positively related to autumn rainfall and to the number of infested acorns the previous years. Ultimately, acorn predation was negatively influenced by inter-annual fluctuation of seed production (masting) yet, mainly and positively, prompted by autumn rainfall and acorn crop size (only in one site). Our results highlight the relevance of masting to reduce seed predation. Yet evidences that rainfall stochasticity directly determines the success of weevils, and it independently influences seed predation extent, indicate that environmental cues prompting masting may also fine-tune the output of this reproductive behavior. Additionally, local differences suggest that the relevance of masting may change with tree characteristics (low vs. high seed production) and landscape structure (isolated vs. dense forests). We also discuss what can be the effects of increasing drought in Mediterranean areas for this antagonistic interaction, triggered by rainfall

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ∼ 1.7 {{s}} with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of {40}-8+8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 {M}ȯ . An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ∼ 40 {{Mpc}}) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ∼ 9 and ∼ 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.</p

A gestão do conhecimento e a inovação organizacional na construção civil

Orientador: Prof. Ricardo Mendes Jr, Dr.Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Construção Civil. Defesa: Curitiba, 2003Inclui referências: p. 113-115Resumo: A presente dissertação trata da identificação das práticas empresariais relacionadas à gestão do conhecimento e inovação organizacional de uma empresa construtora. A fundamentação teórica contemplou a gestão do conhecimento e sua relação com a inovação organizacional. O setor da construção também foi caracterizado com ênfase em seu processo de trabalho, inovações tecnológicas e gestão do conhecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário e a realização de entrevistas. Como resultado, foram identificadas diversas práticas empresariais relacionadas à gestão do conhecimento e inovação organizacional. Embora explicitadas dos processos e cultura da empresa construtora, verificou-se que apenas uma pequena parcela delas estão sendo sistematicamente gerenciadas. Conclui-se que a Gestão do Conhecimento existe em potencial na empresa construtora.Abstract: The present dissertation deals with the identification of the enterprise practices related to the knowledge management and organizational innovation in a construction company. The theoretical groundwork regarded knowledge management and its relation with the organizational innovation. The construction sector was also characterized with emphasis in its work process, technological innovations and knowledge management. The research was carried through the application of a questionnaire and the accomplishment of interviews. As result, they had been identified different enterprise practices related to the knowledge management and organizational innovation. Although explicited from the process and culture of the construction company, it was verified that only a small parcel of them are being systematically managed. It is concluded that the Knowledge Management exists potentially at the construction company

Licitação de projetos: contratação integrada na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

This article aims to contribute on the debate about a brazilian public acquisition modality called Contratação Integrada (Integrated Contracting). Where, unlike other existing modalities, the project and the construction are contracted together. In this work, the Integrated Contracting is approached from the perspective of the project process. A comparison between the four cases in which the Integrated Contracting were applied at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (a federal university of Brazil) is presented. The data, obtained from institutional documents, reinforces some questions raised by other authors, such as the importance of the integration between project and construction. It is noted that the Integrated Contracting allows a closer contact between designers and constructors, however, its effectiveness relies on the contractor’s ability to coordinate projects and his relationship with the bidder.Este artigo visa contribuir na discussão sobre uma modalidade de licitação brasileira denominada Contratação Integrada (Regime Diferenciado de Contratação). Ao contrário de outras modalidades existentes, a realização do projeto e a execução de obra são contratados conjuntamente. Neste trabalho, a contratação integrada é abordada sob a perspectiva do processo de projeto. Apresenta-se um comparativo entre os 4 casos em que optou-se pelo uso da contratação integrada na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados, obtidos de documentos institucionais, reforçam algumas questões suscitadas por outros autores, como a importância de integração entre o projeto e a obra. Observa-se que a contratação integrada possibilita uma maior aproximação entre projetistas e executores, no entanto, sua efetivação depende da capacidade de coordenação de projetos do contratado e de suas relações com o licitante