A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe

Diagnosis and management of venereal campylobacteriosis in beef cattle

BACKGROUND: Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and its glycerine-tolerant variant Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovars intermedius. The disease can be economically important when present in cattle herds, causing poor reproductive performance, embryo mortality and abortion. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are required in the diagnosis of infection and to inform and monitor disease control. Current tests include bacterial culture and fluorescent antibody testing of preputial sheath washings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an agglutination test on vaginal mucus, although the predictive values of these tests can be inadequate in field investigations. Artificial insemination is often considered as a simple control method for bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, but is impractical for many beef suckler herds where breeding takes place at pasture. Commercial vaccines are unavailable in the UK, while the efficacy of autogenous vaccines using a bacterial isolate from infected animals on a specific farm is at best unproven. Hence, for some infected herds, the development of an alternative control strategy based on segregation of potentially infected and uninfected animals in combination with culling or treatment would be desirable. This approach requires meticulous records and herd health management. CASE PRESENTATION: In this paper we highlight difficulties in diagnosing bovine venereal campylobacteriosis and demonstrate the benefits of good record keeping when investigating poor reproductive performance in a beef suckler herd and establishing a herd-specific approach to bio-containment of the infectious cause. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis is an economically important disease that should be considered in investigations of suckler herd subfertility problems. Control of the disease based on segregation of potentially infected and uninfected animals in combination with extensive culling can be achieved without the use of artificial insemination or vaccination, but requires meticulous records and strict adherence to herd biosecurity practices

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Elliptisch-Parabolische Systeme mit Anwendungen auf Lithium-Ionen-Batteriemodelle

The aim this thesis is to develop several useful tools for the treatment of elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations which arise in the context of certain lithium-ion battery models, for instance. We focus on the setting of one parabolic and two elliptic equations in a bounded domain which are coupled by a nonlinearity on the right-hand side. This nonlinear function is assumed to possess a monotonicity property and may show exponential growth as well as singular behavior with respect to the unknown functions.In order to make fixed point theorems of Schauder type applicable to the linearized equations, results from the Lp-theory of parameter-elliptic systems are generalized to function spaces of higher regularity, yielding the compactness of the corresponding solution operator. Using reflection techniques, our results are transferred to the case of a rectangular geometry of the domain for a certain class of parameter-elliptic boundary value problems.Furthermore, discontinuities of the coefficients in the equations across internal interfaces are treated by the consideration of transmission problems. In particular, we prove the property of maximal regularity for the realization of general parabolic transmission problems.Our main result states the local in time existence of a strong solution to an elliptic-parabolic system of the indicated structure

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SD NEGERI PAJANG IV LAWEYAN SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara pada peserta didik kelas II SD Negeri Pajang IV Laweyan Surakarta dengan menggunakan media video. Bentuk Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas sebanyak tiga siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan peserta didik kelas II SD Negeri Pajang IV yang berjumlah 27 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi atau arsip. Uji Validitas data yang digunakan yaitu triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif dari Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata keterampilan berbicara peserta didik sebelum tindakan, yaitu 61,78 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 25,9%. Setelah tindakan pada Siklus I, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 67,11 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 51,85%. Setelah tindakan pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 73,41 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 70,37%, dan pada siklus III, nilai rata rata kelas meningkat menjadi 77,70 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 81,48%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media video dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara peserta didik kelas II SD Negeri Pajang IV Laweyan Surakarta tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Kata Kunci : Media Pembelajaran, Media video, Keterampilan berbicar