THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GAMES AND SONGS IN TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN 1 BATURETNO WONOGIRI

Woro Widiastuti. 2008. The Effectiveness of Games and Songs in Teaching English Vocabulary to the Fourth Grade Students of SDN 1 Baturetno, Wonogiri. English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University. This Final Project report was written based on the job training done at SDN 1 Baturetno, Wonogiri for a month. The writer took the fourth grade students as the objects to be observed and focused in the teaching of English vocabulary. The objectives of this Final Project report are 1.) to describe the process of teaching vocabulary for students by using games and songs, and 2.) to describe how effective, entertaining, and fun in teaching English vocabulary by using games and songs. To find out the conclusion of the objectives, the writer did an observation and teaching activity. In the English teaching and learning activity, the writer used some procedures in order to make the English teaching and learning activities run well. The procedures are Greeting, BKOF, Modeling of Text, Join Construction and Individual Construction, and Closing. Games itself was held in Join Construction and Individual Construction. Meanwhile, songs applied in the last step to end the lesson. By playing games, the writer can attract the students’ attention and persuade them to love English and enjoy the learning process. The games also help the students to memorize the vocabulary they have learned. Meanwhile, the use of songs to end the lesson can refresh the students’ mind after learning process. Besides, songs help to create a fun and friendly situation and become a fun and attractive way to learn vocabulary. Finally, both games and songs can be an alternative way to make the learning process fun and effective

The Role of Control System in Increasing Corporate social Performance: The Use of Levers of Control

One important instrument to be used in the control system design is strategic behaviors that can lead to the expected organization performance. Referring to the extended definition of strategic behavior using stakeholder-based strategic behavior, corporate social performance is kind of strategic behavior to be influenced by using control system. This paper discusses how control system, using Simons’ levers of control can play important role in increasing the corporate so- cial performance. The interaction between control system, including belief system, boundary system, diagnostic control system, and interactive control system, as well as the corporate fi- nancial performance (CFP) can affect the corporate social performance (CSP) due to fact that increase in CFP resulting from the appropriate use of control system components enables the company has more chance to do the CSP. The levers of control are deemed to form an integral part of employee socialization and support the development of an organization’s culture, the system of shared beliefs, values, norms, and mores of organizational members which are deemed to be a primary determinant of the direction of employee behavior. Keywords: Control system, levers of control, corporate social performance, corporate finan- cial performanc

Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus as coagulant

SudaryatiningsihC, Supyani. 2009. Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus as coagulant. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 110-116. The aims of this research are to know the potency of Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae as a coagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids, and to know the time that needed by R. oligosporus and R. oryzae for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. It uses PDA for inoculating fungi, and it is done at Sub-Lab Chemistry, Central Laboratory for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The tofu making was done in “Dele Emas” Tofu Factory, Surakarta. Analysis of linoleic and linolenic acids were done by Gas Chromatography, in LPPT-UGM Yogyakarta. The conclusion of this research are R. oligosporus dan R. oryzae having a potency as a coagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. R. oryzae needs 18 hours to coagulate the tofu, and R. oligosporus needs 12 hours for the same process. The highest amount of linoleic and linolenic acids were obtained by R. oryzae at 6 hours of fermentation (0.26% and 0.14%), and 24 hours of fermentation by R. oligosporus (0.06% and 0.04%). Key words: linoleic acid, linolenic acid, tofu, coagulant, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus

Effect of IAA and GA3 toward the growing and saponin content of purwaceng (Pimpinella alpina)

Abstract. Fathonah D, Sugiyarto. 2009. Effect of IAA and GA3 toward the growing and saponin content of purwaceng (Pimpinella alpina). Nusantara Bioscience 1: 17-22. The aims of this research are to examine (i) the effect of IAA and GA3 in different concentrations to the growth of the plants and (ii) the saponin contained inside the P. alpina, leaves. The research was done in Sikunang Village, Kejajar Subdistrict, Wonosobo District, Central Java from July to November 2007. The experiment methods were used the Completely Random Design with two factors were used to analyze this experiment. First treatment gives IAA and GA3, second was done by giving different IAA and GA3 concentration. These experiments were repeated three times. Variables measured in this research were the growth of plant which is consisted of the number of leaves, their height, width, wet weight as well as dry weight. The chemical compound of the secondary metabolite in the form of leave saponin was employed. The result was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), then continued to Duncan Multiple Range Test in 5% level to analyze the real difference between those treatments. The result showed that giving IAA and GA3 differently affect the growth P. alpina. In variable of the height, the optimal wet weight and dry weight of the plant in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm; optimum number of leaves in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm where as the leave width in IAA treatment was 200 ppm and GA3 treatment was 75 ppm and optimum saponin treatment was IAA 200 ppm and GA3 25 ppm. Key words: Pimpinella alpina, IAA, GA, growth, saponin, Dieng

NATURALISM AS REFLECTED IN STEPHEN CRANE ‘S SHORT STORY THE OPEN BOAT

Abstract This research is a kind of library research. The main data is taken from Stephen Crane’s short story The Open Boat. The purpose of the research is to find out how the naturalism aspects are reflected in Stephen Crane’s short story The Open Boat. To come to that purpose, the researcher applies the structuralism Theory to analyze the problem. Besides, the researcher also applies the naturalism aspects based on Vernon Louis Parrington’s idea. Through the analysis, it is found that there are some naturalism aspects in the element of the short story of The Open Boat. The naturalism aspects that can be found in Stephen Crane’s short story of The Open Boat are; frankness, objectivity, philosophy of determinism and bias in selection character

Effect of VCO to leucocyte differential count, glucose levels and blood creatinine of hyperglycemic and ovalbumin sensitized Mus musculus Balb/c

Abstrak. Handajani NS, Dharmawan R. 2009. Pengaruh VCO terhadap hitung jenis leukosit, kadar glukosa dan kreatinin darah Mus musculus Balb/c hiperglikemi dan tersensitisasi ovalbumin. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 1-8. Obat-obatan kimia dan insulin dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien dengan efek samping hiperglikemi makro vaskular. Diabetes dan insiden alergi dipengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas leukosit. Asam laurat dalam VCO dilaporkan menurunkan tingkat glukosa darah pada kejadian diabetes dan beberapa insiden alergi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh VCO pada tingkat glukosa darah, diferensial leukosit dan kadar kreatinin pada mencit hiperglikemi dan normoglicemic tersensitisasi ovalbumin. Empat puluh lima (45) mencit Mus musculus Balb/c jantan dengan berat rata-rata 35 g dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok dengan 5 ulangan, yaitu 4 kelompok non aloksan dan 5 kelompok hiperglikemi yang diinduksi aloksan, Pada hari ke-22 sampai ke-36, mereka disensitisasi dengan ovalbumin sebagai penyebab alergi. Sampel darah diperoleh dari vena orbital menggunakan heparin sebagai anti koagulan, kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan metode GOD sebanyak 6 kali, pada hari ke-1, 4, 18, 22, 32 dan 37, kemudian diuji dengan ANAVA yang diikuti oleh DMRT 0,05 untk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Pada hari ke-37, diferensial leukosit dan tingkat kreatinin darah ditentukan, lalu dibandingkan dengan nilai normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hitungan diferensial leukosit mencit hiperglikemi, persentase neutrofil jauh lebih rendah daripada nilai normal (3.22%), dan persentase limfosit jauh lebih tinggi daripada nilai normal (94.54%). Konsumsi 0.003 mL/35 g VCO lebih dari 18 hari menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit hiperglikemi, menurunkan persentase basophile pada mencit tersensitisasi ovalbumin, normalisasi persentase neutrophile tidak meningkatkan tingkat kreatinin darah. Kata kunci: VCO, hiperglikemia, alergi, hitungan diferensial leukosit, kreatinin darah

ESTIMASI PARAMETER INTEGRASI SOSIAL SUKU TIONGHOA-JAWA DI YOGYAKARTA DAN SURAKARTA: PENGEMBANGAN HYBRID MODEL

Pendidikan nilai demokrasi, status ekonomi sosial, simpati, dan aksi telah me-nyebabkan integrasi sosial antar suku Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta (YK) lebih sempurna dibandingkan dengan Surakarta (SKA), sekalipun keduanya sama sebagai wilayah bekas Mataram Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggunakan hybrid model untuk menganalisis Integrasi Sosial antar kedua suku di kedua daerah tersebut, yang dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey, didesain menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, kuesioner sebagai instrumen utama pengumpulan data. Populasinya seluruh warga suku Tionghoa-Jawa di Kota YK dan SKA. Sampel dipilih secara proportional random sampling. Responden diambil 333 orang yang dapat mewakili kedua suku dan kedua daerah tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan LISREL 8.80. Structural equation modeling (SEM) untuk menampilkan hybrid model; path analysis menampilkan structural model; first order confirmatory factor analysis menampilkan overall measurement model; dan second order confirmatory factor analysis untuk menampilkan semua dimensinya. Structural, measurement dan hybrid model dikatakan fit, jika memenuhi kriteria fit model, yang didasarkan pada kriteria root mean square error of approximation ≤ 0,08, comparative fit index (CFI) ≥ 0,90 dan p (probabilitas) ≥ 0,05. Uji kebermaknaan koefisien bobot faktor (λ) memakai kriteria congeneric measurement model untuk menentukan dimensionalitas, validitas dan reliabilitas. Uji validitas indikator digunakan kriteria t ≥1,96; convergent validity ≥ 0,50 dan discriminant validity ≥ 0,70. Uji reliabilitas digunakan construct reliability ≥ 0,70 dan variance extracted ≥ 0,50. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan hybrid, structural dan measurement model di YK, SKA dan YK-SKA memenuhi fit model. Dari keseluruhan (9) pengaruh antar variabel dalam hybrid model, jumlah pengaruh dengan t signifikan di YK, SKA dan YK-SKA, ditemukan sebesar 7, 8 dan 6. Structural model di YK dibandinkan SKA, dan YK-SKA, terbukti lebih baik (koefisien determinasi/R 2 terbesar) dalam menjelaskan Simpati, Aksi dan Integrasi Sosial. Kemampuan structural model di YK, SKA, dan YK-SKA dalam menjelaskan Simpati sebesar 79%; 56% dan 64%, menjelaskan Aksi sebesar 94%; 59% dan 79%, dan menjelaskan Integrasi Sosial sebesar 90%; 75% dan 83%. Pengaruh total Simpati di YK-SKA paling kuat (0,68) menentukan Integrasi Sosial, diikuti oleh SES (0,60), Pendidikan Nilai Demokrasi/PND (0,33) dan Aksi (0,31). Pengaruh total Simpati (0,78), PND (0,75) dan Aksi (0,46) terhadap Integrasi Sosial terkuat di YK. Namun pengaruh total SES terhadap Integrasi Sosial terkuat di SKA (0,73). Overall measurement model untuk keseluruhan variabel di YK-SKA ditemukan fit, valid dan reliabel sebagai indikator multidimensi. Namun model pengukuran di YK dan SKA merupakan multi-factors within construct error covariance measurement model, karena modifikasi model baru fit ketika dilakukan covariance error antar indikator dalam konstruk yang sama. Modifikasi model di YK dilakukan ketika mengukur konstruk Integrasi Sosial, dan di SKA ketika mengukur konstruk PND dan Aksi

The Social Banditry in the Rural Areas of Rembang by the End of the 19th Century and at the Beginning of the 20th Century

The social banditry is the act of crime committed by the residents of a village or the people in the low economic and social stratum in order to fulfill their basic needs. Such an act is done due to the structural pressure which depresses the people in accessing the natural resources that support their lives. This structural pressure kept increasing in the rural areas of Rembang by the end of the 19th century, particularly after the issuance of the law on forestry in 1865 that enabled the forestry capitalism to be established. The limitation in the people’s access to the state forest as the manifestation of the domain concept and the exploitation of the teak forests done by the private businessmen became the trigger to the increasing acts of crime in the rural areas of Rembang. The scarcity of the local economic resources due to such natural factors as barren land and structural factors as the result of the penetration of the external power became the main trigger to the social banditry to take place in Rembang. There were many kinds of social banditry, such as illegal logging, robbery, “kecu” (burglary), theft of possessions, etc. which were done against the assets owned by both the state and the individuals/groups. KEY WORDS: Social banditry, forest village, Rembang area, economic resources, and colonial exploitation

“Triple Bottom Line” as “Sustainable Corporate Performance”: A Proposition for the Future

Based upon a review of corporate performance, corporate financial performance and corporate social performance, we propose that the concept of ―triple bottom line‖ (TBL) as ―sustainable corporate performance‖ (SCP) should consist of three measurement elements, namely: (i) financial, (ii) social and (iii) environmental. TBL as SCP is proposed to be derived from the interface between them. We also propose that the content of each of these measurement elements may vary across contexts and over time. Furthermore, TBL as SCR should be interpreted to be a relative concept that is dynamic and iterative. Continuous monitoring needs to be performed, adapting the content of the measurement elements to changes that evolve across contexts and over time in the marketplace and society. TBL as SCP may be seen as a function of time and context. Keywords: triple bottom line; sustainable corporate performance; corporate social performance; financial performanc