Labor Market Conditions for Nutrition Professionals Graduated from the Universidad Hispanoamericana 2021-2022 Descriptive study

Introducción: En los últimos años la profesión de nutrición y dietética ha tenido gran demanda y aceptación debido a que las personas son cada vez más conscientes de la relación directa entre salud y alimentación; sin embargo, se cuenta con poca documentación sobre la ocupación laboral de los graduados de esta profesión. Objetivo general: Describir las condiciones del mercado laboral del profesional en Nutrición graduado de la Universidad Hispanoamericana de Costa Rica durante el 2021-2022. Material y métodos: En este estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, transversal, participan 66 graduados de la carrera de Nutrición. Se aplica una encuesta en formato digital compuesta por 14 preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Resultados: el 61% de los graduados se encuentra laborando, el 77% ejerce la profesión, la mayoría de estos refiere trabajar en el sector privado por servicios profesionales, con una jornada laboral por horas, el área principal de desempeño es la clínica, con un salario promedio entre los rangos ¢250.001- ¢500.000 colones, seguido de ¢750.001 - ¢1.000.000 colones. Conclusión: Con esta investigación se concluye que las profesionales de nutrición graduados de la Universidad Hispanoamericana son mayoritariamente del género femenino, residentes del GAM, Donde el 61% de los profesionales se encuentra laborando, reflejando estos datos un bajo porcentaje de desempleo; de los graduados que laboran el 77% ejerce la profesión y la mayoría de estos labora en el sector privado, por medio de una contratación por servicios profesionales con una jornada laboral por horas, seguido de una jornada de tiempo completo, con ingresos económicos que se encuentran en los rangos del salario mínimo que establece el Ministerio de trabajo de Costa Rica para profesionales con un grado académico de licenciatura. Introduction: In recent years, the profession of nutrition and dietetics has had great demand and acceptance because people are increasingly aware of the direct relationship between health and nutrition; However, there is little documentation on the occupation of graduates of this profession. General objective: Describe the conditions of the labor market for the Nutrition professional graduated from the Universidad Hispanoamericana 2021-2022. Material and methods: In this study with a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional approach, 66 graduates of the Nutrition program participated. A survey is applied in digital format consisting of 14 closed and open questions. Results: 61% of the graduates are working, 77% practice the profession, much of this report working in the private sector for professional services, with an hourly work schedule, the main area of ​​performance is the clinic, with a salary average between the ranges ¢250,001 - ¢500,000 colones, followed by ¢750,001 - ¢1,000,000 colones. Conclusion: With this research, it is concluded that the nutrition professionals graduated from the Hispanoamericana University are mostly female, residents of the GAM, where 61% of the professionals are working, these data reflecting a low percentage of unemployment; Of the graduates who work, 77% practice the profession and the majority of these work in the private sector, through a contract for professional services with an hourly work day, followed by a full-time day, with economic income that is They are within the minimum wage ranges established by the Ministry of Labor of Costa Rica for professionals with a bachelor's degree

Estrategias lúdicas para mejorar la pronunciación en estudiantes de 5 años de una institución privada del distrito de Pueblo Libre, Lima

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional, tiene como objetivo proponer estrategias lúdicas para mejorar la pronunciación en niños de 5 años de una institución educativa privada del distrito de Pueblo Libre, para desarrollar las competencias del área de comunicación. Por ello, se basa en el Paradigma Socio Cognitivo Humanista de: Jean Piaget, David Ausubel, Jerome Bruner (cognitivo), Rauven Feuerstein y Lev Vygotsky (social y cultural), Robert Stemberg, Martiniano Román y Eloísa Diez (Teoría de la Inteligencia). A través de esta propuesta, el estudiante logra desarrollar competencias, capacidades y destrezas; que le permiten no solo adquirir conocimientos, sino también vivenciar valores para que pueda socializar con eficiencia en esta sociedad cambiante. Finalmente, esta propuesta contiene en el primer capítulo la planificación del trabajo de suficiencia profesional; en el segundo capítulo presentaremos el marco teórico y como último capítulo la programación curricular.The objective of this professional proficiency work is to propose playful strategies to improve pronunciation in 5-year-old children from a private educational institution in the district of Pueblo Libre, to develop skills in the area of communication. For this reason, it is based on the Socio Cognitive Humanist Paradigm of: Jean Piaget, David Ausubel, Jerome Bruner (cognitive), Rauven Feuerstein and Lev Vygotsky (social and cultural), Robert Stemberg, Martiniano Román and Eloísa Díez (Theory of Intelligence). Through this proposal, the student manages to develop competencies, capacities and skills; that allow him not only to acquire knowledge, but also to experience values so that he can socialize efficiently in this changing society. Finally, this proposal contains in the first chapter the planning of the work of professional proficiency; In the second chapter we will present the theoretical framework and as the last chapter the curricular programmin

Management of aquatic macrophyte in accumulation and transformation of cyanide resulting from gold procesing in the mine La Coqueta

Las macrófitas acuáticas han sido utilizadas en procesos de biorremediación, ya que pueden absorber algunas sustancias disueltas y producir oxígeno mediante fotosíntesis. Con base en los estudios de remoción de compuestos tóxicos por parte de plantas acuáticas que permitan la depuración de aguas residuales, la presente investigación tuvo como propósito principal buscar la disminución de la contaminación por cianuro y la toxicidad de las aguas residuales del lavado de arena del proceso de cianuración de oro de la mina La Coqueta, mediante la utilización de macrófitas acuáticas flotantes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes Salvinia auriculata); además, de acuerdo con los resultados de pruebas cualitativas, encontrar el destino final del cianuro en las plantas al ser absorbidos por éstas. El tratamiento de agua cianurada se realizó mediante un sistema de acuarios, los cuales contenían el agua proveniente de la mina, en ellos se depositaron las plantas para el tratamiento, se tomaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de control (pH, porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno y conductividad), además de la determinación de cianuro y toxicidad en el agua, pruebas cualitativas de compuestos nitrogenados en las plantas y bioensayos con Daphnia pulex en las plantas y en el agua tratada. Con base en los resultados de las pruebas cualitativas, se evidenció que las macrófitas pueden cambiar su metabolismo en condiciones de estrés y este cambio de metabolismo induce también a que se produzcan otro tipo de metabolitos secundarios no presentes naturalmente (e. g. glicósidos cianogénicos y alcaloides) en las plantas sometidas al tratamiento.La remoción de cianuro por parte de estas especies fue hasta del 86% al final del tratamiento, demostrando gran eficiencia para remover compuestos tóxicos del agua cianurada proveniente de la mina La Coqueta, ya que en los bioensayos realizados con Daphnia pulex indicaron que estos organismos podían resistir a las características del agua después del tratamiento con las plantas. Señalando que se puede realizar un tratamiento natural, ambientalmente seguro y económicamente viable que permita descontaminar el agua cianurada proveniente del lavado de las arenas del beneficio del oro a través del proceso de cianuración.Aquatic macrophytes have been used in bioremediation processes, as they can absorb some dissolved substances and produce oxygen through photosynthesis. Based on the studies of toxic compounds removal by aquatic plants that allow wastewater treatment, this research had as main purpose to search the reduction of cyanide contamination and toxicity of waste water from sand washing in the cyanidation process in La Coqueta gold mine by means of the use of floating aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata, Pistiastratiotes). Similarly, according to the results of qualitative tests, a goal was to find the final destiny of cyanide afterplants had absorbed it. Treatment of cyanide water was conducted through a system of tanks containing water from the mine in which plants for treatment were included and physicochemical control parameters (pH, oxygen saturation percentage and conductivity) were taken. Besides determination of cyanide and water toxicity, qualitative testsof nitrogenous compounds in plants and bioassays with Daphnia pulex in plants and in the treated water were determined. Based on the results of qualitative tests ti was evidenced that macrophytes can change their metabolism under stress conditions and this change in metabolism also induces the production of other types of secondary metabolites not present naturally (e.g. cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids) in plants subjected to treatment. The removal of cyanide by these species was up to 86% at end of treatment, showing high efficiency for removal of toxic compounds of cyanide water from La Coqueta mine, as bioassays conducted using Daphnia pulex indicated that these organism could resist water characteristics after treatment with plants, noting that natural treatment environmentally safe and economically feasible can be made to decontaminate cyanide water from the washing of sands resulting from cyanide gold processing

Geomorfologia e Tectono-estratigrafia do Neógeno do setor noroeste da Bacia Vaupés-Amazonas

A utilização de técnicas e métodos geofísicos nas geociências, para estudos de superfície e subsuperfície na região amazônica, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento substancial do conhecimento sobre a geometria e disposição tridimensional das camadas de rocha nos intervalos de rochas localizadas a centenas de metros de profundidade dessa grande área, ainda pouco explorada. A integração de dados de superfície e de subsuperfície, abrange análises geológicas de estruturas em superfície, feições geomorfológicas ainda não identificadas e descritas na área. Neste estudo, o uso de seções sísmicas e de perfis de poço possibilitou a geração de um modelo geológico em profundidade. As evidências geomorfológicas e tectono-estratigráficas descritas na área foram obtidas a partir da avaliação sismoestrutural (falhas e dobras) e as sismoestratigráfica (canais, preenchimentos de canais, barras, vales, erosões e adelgaçamento de camadas). Com base nessas evidências, foi sugerida a ocorrência de feições associadas a cânions de diferente porte e vales, oriundos da reativação rúptil de estruturas preexistentes no embasamento Pré-cambriano. Além disso, também são encontradas evidências de sedimentação resultante da acreção lateral, erosão e adelgaçamento, influenciados por processos de subsidência e isostasia. As sequências sedimentares estabelecidas neste arcabouço são pertencentes a depósitos com idades do Paleógeno até o Quaternário ou recente. Estas evidências podem estar relacionadas com a evolução do Alto do Vaupés, que ocorre devido a falhamentos do paleozóico inferior, que sofreram reativação durante o paleógeno até o recente, com episódios tectonoestratigráficos associados

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years