Epistfemicide and gender mainstreaming. Advances in the reform of the Law curriculum of the National University of Río Negro

Fil: Heim, Silvia Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigación en Políticas Públicas y Gobierno. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Piccone, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre Derechos, Inclusión y Sociedad. Río Negro, Argentina.The article analyzes the incorporation of the gender perspective in the university curriculum as an equality policy and establishes hermeneutical criteria that make possible the implementation and evaluation of this perspective. It qualifies as “epistfemicide” the absence of women —their knowledge, experiences and proper ways of being, feeling and seeing the world— in curricula and educational processes as a whole. It inquires in two of the proposed strategies to confront the “epistfemicide”: the gender specificity and the gender mainstreaming in the university curriculum. Finally, based on the criteria and strategies of reference —and as a case study— it reflects on the curriculum of the Legal career of the National University of Río Negro and its recent reform.El artículo analiza la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el currículum universitario como una política de igualdad y establece criterios hermenéuticos que posibilitan la implementación y evaluación de esta perspectiva. Califica de “epistfemicidio” la ausencia de las mujeres —sus conocimientos, vivencias y formas propias de estar, sentir y ver el mundo— en los currículos y los procesos educativos en su conjunto. Indaga en dos de las estrategias propuestas para enfrentar el “epistfemicidio”: la especificidad y la transversalidad de género en el currículum universitario. Por último, a partir de los criterios y estrategias de referencia —y a modo de estudio de caso— reflexiona sobre el currículum de la carrera de Abogacía de la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro y su reciente reforma

Femicidios no íntimos en Argentina: Aportes para su caracterización

Esta contribución exhibe los resultados de una línea de investigación cuali-cuantitava sobre femicidios y, especialmente, femicidios no íntimos en Argentina, delimitada entre los años 2012 y 2020. A lo largo del estudio se expone la insuficiente atención a estos últimos y las dificultades presentes en el trabajo con fuentes y registros diversos, casi todos muy recientes, así como las consideraciones metodológicas adoptadas para llevarlo a cabo adecuadamente. Se presentan cuadros y gráficos con variables y precisiones cuantitativas más depuradas, a partir del cruce de datos y registros; se repasan las principales definiciones, caracterizaciones y categorías utilizadas en los protocolos y estudios sobre femicidios y se proponen nuevas, que permitirán una mayor precisión y discusión en investigaciones futuras y una más clara incidencia en las políticas públicas y prácticas destinadas a su prevención.Esta contribuição expõe os resultados de uma linha qualitativo-quantitativa de pesquisa sobre feminicídios e, especialmente, feminicídios não íntimos na Argentina, delimitada entre os anos de 2012 e 2020. trabalhando com várias fontes e registros, quase todos muito recentes, bem como as considerações metodológicas adotadas para realizá-lo adequadamente. Tabelas e gráficos são apresentados com variáveis e precisões quantitativas mais refinadas, a partir do cruzamento de dados e registros; As principais definições, caracterizações e categorias utilizadas nos protocolos e estudos sobre feminicídio são revisadas e novas são propostas, o que permitirá maior precisão e discussão em pesquisas futuras e um impacto mais claro nas políticas e práticas públicas voltadas para sua prevenção.This contribution shows the results of a qualitative-quantitative line of research on femicides and especially non-intimate femicides in Argentina, delimited between years 2012 and 2020. Throughout it, insufficient attention to the latter and the numerous difficulties in relation to research is exposed. With diverse sources and records, almost all of them very recent, and methodological considerations adopted to carry it out properly, charts and graphs are made with more refined variables and quantitative precisions from the crossing of records as well as the main definitions, characterizations and categories used in the protocols and studies on femicide and new ones are proposed, which allow greater precision and discussion in future studies and a clearer impact on public policies and practices aimed at its prevention.Fil: Heim, Silvia Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica. Instituto de Investigación en Políticas Públicas y Gobierno; ArgentinaFil: Debandi, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica. Instituto de Investigación en Políticas Públicas y Gobierno; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Zysman, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval development by fungal lectins

BACKGROUND Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in fundamental intra- and extracellular biological processes. They occur ubiquitously in nature and are especially abundant in plants and fungi. It has been well established that certain higher fungi produce lectins in their fruiting bodies and/or sclerotia as a part of their natural resistance against free-living fungivorous nematodes and other pests. Despite relatively high diversity of the glycan structures in nature, many of the glycans targeted by fungal lectins are conserved among organisms of the same taxon and sometimes even among different taxa. Such conservation of glycans between free-living and parasitic nematodes is providing us with a useful tool for discovery of novel chemotherapeutic and vaccine targets. In our study, a subset of fungal lectins emanating from toxicity screens on Caenorhabditis elegans was tested for their potential to inhibit larval development of Haemonchus contortus. METHODS The effect of Coprinopsis cinerea lectins - CCL2, CGL2, CGL3; Aleuria aurantia lectin - AAL; Marasmius oreades agglutinin - MOA; and Laccaria bicolor lectin - Lb-Tec2, on cultivated Haemonchus contortus larval stages was investigated using a larval development test (LDT). To validate the results of the toxicity assay and determine lectin binding capacity to the nematode digestive tract, biotinylated versions of lectins were fed to pre-infective larval stages of H. contortus and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. Lectin histochemistry on fixed adult worms was performed to investigate the presence and localisation of lectin binding sites in the disease-relevant developmental stage. RESULTS Using an improved larval development test we found that four of the six tested lectins: AAL, CCL2, MOA and CGL2, exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity in LDT, as measured by the number of larvae developing to the L3 stage. In the case of AAL, CGL2 and MOA lectin, doses as low as 5 μg/ml caused >95 % inhibition of larval development while 40 μg/ml were needed to achieve the same inhibition by CCL2 lectin. MOA was the only lectin tested that caused larval death while other toxic lectins had larvistatic effect manifesting as L1 growth arrest. Using lectin histochemistry we demonstrate that of all lectins tested, only the four toxic ones displayed binding to the larvae's gut and likewise were found to interact with glycans localized to the gastrodermal tissue of adults. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest a correlation between the presence of target glycans of lectins in the digestive tract and the lectin-mediated toxicity in Haemonchus contortus. We demonstrate that binding to the structurally conserved glycan structures found in H. contortus gastrodermal tissue by the set of fungal lectins has detrimental effect on larval development. Some of these glycan structures might represent antigens which are not exposed to the host immune system (hidden antigens) and thus have a potential for vaccine or drug development. Nematotoxic fungal lectins prove to be a useful tool to identify such targets in parasitic nematodes

Factors influencing patients’ recovery and the efficacy of a psychosocial post-discharge intervention : post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Purpose: The aim of this post hoc analysis was to examine self-reported recovery following a post-discharge intervention and to focus on the moderators of this intervention programme. Methods: RCT using parallel group block randomisation, including 151 patients with ≤3 hospitalisations within the last 3 years, a GAF score ≤60, and aged 18–64 years, assessed at two psychiatric hospitals from Zurich, Switzerland, between September 2011 and February 2014. In the present study, the main outcome was the OQ-45 as assessed prior to discharge from the index hospitalisation and at 12-month follow-up. Participants received either the post-discharge intervention provided by a social worker or treatment as usual (TAU). Results: Patients in the intervention group showed substantially less recovery over the 12-month observation period than controls (d = 0.44). In the TAU group, 15.6 % remained clinically impaired at 12-month follow-up as opposed to 48.1 % in the intervention group (p = 0.001). Among participants in the intervention group, an interdisciplinary meeting of significant network members was associated with less recovery (d = 0.46). Involuntary index admission (d = 0.42) and high educational degree (d = 0.52) were significant moderators of the intervention. Both factors related to less recovery over time in the intervention group relative to TAU. Conclusions: According to the OQ-45, this psychosocial post-discharge intervention revealed an unintended negative effect on self-reported recovery over time. Specifically, the meeting of significant network members related to a moderate deteriorating effect, suggesting that the involvement of some carers, relatives, or friends may cause harm to the patient. Considering with reservation pending replication, these findings could have important implications for brief interventions targeted at patients’ social networks

Whole-genome approach to assessing human cytomegalovirus dynamics in transplant patients undergoing antiviral therapy

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent cause of opportunistic viral infection following transplantation. Viral factors of potential clinical importance include the selection of mutants resistant to antiviral drugs and the occurrence of infections involving multiple HCMV strains. These factors are typically addressed by analyzing relevant HCMV genes by PCR and Sanger sequencing, which involves independent assays of limited sensitivity. To assess the dynamics of viral populations with high sensitivity, we applied high-throughput sequencing coupled with HCMV-adapted target enrichment to samples collected longitudinally from 11 transplant recipients (solid organ, n=9, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell, n=2). Only the latter presented multiple-strain infections. Four cases presented resistance mutations (n=6), two (A594V and L595S) at high (100%) and four (V715M, 32 V781I, A809V and T838A) at low (<25%) frequency. One allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient presented up to four resistance mutations, each at low frequency. The use of high throughput sequencing to monitor mutations and strain composition in people at risk of HCMV disease is of potential value in helping clinicians implement the most appropriate therapy

Roberto Bergalli (1936-2020)

El lunes 4 de mayo de 2020 falleció nuestro maestro y amigo, Roberto Bergalli. Es un día triste para la criminología crítica latinoamericana y europea, que pierde a uno de sus referentes más destacados, aunque siempre va a estar presente en la memoria de quienes lo conocimos y de todos aquellos que se acerquen a los estudios críticos sobre el sistema penal

In-hospital mortality and the Glasgow Coma Scale in the first 72 hours after traumatic brain injury

This study verifies and compares the performance of three different scores obtained in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in the first 72 hours post trauma in predicting in-hospital mortality. The studied scores included those obtained after initial care was provided at the hospital, and the worst and best scores obtained in the scale in the first 72 hours post trauma. The scale’s predictive ability was assessed by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 277 victims with different severity levels of blunt traumatic brain injuries were studied. The performance of the three scores that were analyzed to predict hospital mortality was moderate (0.74 to 0.79) and the areas under the curve did not present statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that any of the three studied scores can be applied in clinical practice to estimate the outcome of victims with blunt traumatic brain injuries, taking into consideration the instrument’s moderate discriminatory power.El estudio tiene como objetivos verificar y comparar el desempeño de puntajes de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECGl) observados en las primeras 72 horas postrauma para predecir la mortalidad hospitalaria. Los valores analizados fueron los puntajes obtenidos después de la atención inicial intra-hospitalaria, además de los peores y mejores resultados de la escala en las primeras 72 horas postrauma. La capacidad de predicción de los puntajes de la ECGl para el Estado Vital a la Salida Hospitalaria fue evaluada, utilizando la curva Reciever Operator Characteristic. Fueron estudiadas 277 víctimas, con trauma encefalocraneano contuso de diferentes gravedades. El desempeño de los puntajes de la ECGl para el estado vital a la salida hospitalaria fue moderado (0,74 a 0,79) y las áreas bajo la curva no presentaron diferencia significativa. Los resultados sugieren que cualquiera de los tres valores de la ECGl analizados pueden ser aplicados en la práctica clínica para estimar el pronóstico de las víctimas de trauma encefalocraneano contuso, considerando, sin embargo su moderado poder discriminatorio.O estudo teve como objetivos verificar e comparar o desempenho de escores da Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECGl) observados nas primeiras 72 horas após trauma, para predizer mortalidade hospitalar. Os valores analisados foram os escores obtidos após atendimento inicial intra-hospitalar, além dos piores e melhores resultados da escala nas primeiras 72 horas pós-trauma. A capacidade preditiva dos escores da ECGl para estado vital à saída hospitalar foi avaliada, utilizando-se a curva Reciever Operator Characteristic. Foram estudadas 277 vítimas, com trauma cranioencefálico contuso de diferentes gravidades. O desempenho dos escores da ECGl para estado vital à saída hospitalar foi moderado (0,74 a 0,79) e as áreas sob a curva não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados sugerem que qualquer um dos três valores da ECGl analisados podem ser aplicados na prática clínica para estimar o prognóstico das vitimas de trauma cranioencefálico contuso, considerando-se, no entanto, seu moderado poder discriminatório

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

A Boost in the Paycheck: Survey Evidence on Workers’ Response to the 2011 Payroll Tax Cuts

This paper presents new survey evidence on workers' response to the 2011 payroll tax cuts. While workers intended to spend 10 to 18 percent of their tax-cut income, they reported actually spending 28 to 43 percent of the funds. This is higher than estimates from studies of recent tax cuts, and arguably a consequence of the design of the 2011 tax cuts. The shift to greater consumption than intended is largely unexplained by presentbias or unanticipated shocks, and is likely a consequence of mental accounting. We also use data from a complementary survey to understand the heterogeneous tax-cut response

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements