Infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi en triatominos (Hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae), vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México

En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

INFECCIÓN NATURAL CON Trypanosoma cruzi EN TRIATOMINOS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: TRIATOMINAE), VECTORES DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN SAN ANTONIO RAYÓN, JONOTLA, PUEBLA, MÉXICO

The study was carried out in San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México, from August 2002 to May 2003. The objetive was determite the natural infection index to Trypanosoma cruzi. The metod consist in sprinkling piretrids to 10% at ecotopes of bugs. From a total 388 specimens there were 62 females, 48 males and 278 nymphs. There were 30 triatominae bugs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The entomological index were: 44.65% infestation, 4.04 stacking, 1.8 density, 90.625% colonization and 18.40% natural infection. The triatominae bugs were identified as Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811). In the main were founded within houses, this suggests us that housing quality and the modification of environment with agricultural and cattle objetives may favored the invasion into human dwellings.  En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

Infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi en triatominos (Hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae), vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México.

En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements