Descriptive Analysis of Georgia High School Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty

This research study was conducted with the assistance of Georgia high school teachers for the purpose of examining teachers\u27 perceptions of academic dishonesty during the 2006-2007 school year. Data were gathered to establish teachers\u27 perceptions of academic dishonesty by exploring what behaviors teachers felt to be academically dishonest, how teachers addressed such occurrences, whether teachers felt any internal conflict regarding academic dishonesty, whether any external pressures were involved in instances of academic dishonesty, and how these experiences affected teachers attitudes toward their profession. Results of the study indicated that high school teachers in Georgia consider academic dishonesty to be a prevalent problem. Teachers consider some types of academic dishonesty to be more serious than other types of academic dishonesty. Some teachers reported that academic dishonesty is a moral issue and that parents are responsible for the moral training of their children. Some teachers also reported that administrators play an important role in the success or failure of policies that address academic dishonesty. Some teachers feel comfortable approaching their administrators about issues concerning academic dishonesty, while other teachers do not. The implications of this study are that staff development opportunities could allow teachers to explore honor codes, violations, sanctions, and policy implementation. Teachers could keep tests locked in secure locations, use software passwords, and plagiarism detecting software. Educational opportunities for parents could include being exposed to teacher syllabi, course requirements, sanctions, student handbooks, and information sheets. For administrators, graduate level course work could address academic dishonesty, and administrators could promote honor codes and an academic dishonesty policy

Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the Martian atmosphere

Stable isotope ratios of H, C, and O are powerful indicators of a wide variety of planetary geophysical processes, and for Mars they reveal the record of loss of its atmosphere and subsequent interactions with its surface such as carbonate formation. We report in situ measurements of the isotopic ratios of D/H and O-18/O-16 in water and C-13/C-12, O-18/O-16, O-17/O-16, and (CO)-C-13-O-18/(CO)-C-12-O-16 in carbon dioxide, made in the martian atmosphere at Gale Crater from the Curiosity rover using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)'s tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). Comparison between our measurements in the modern atmosphere and those of martian meteorites such as ALH 84001 implies that the martian reservoirs of CO2 and H2O were largely established similar to 4 billion years ago, but that atmospheric loss or surface interaction may be still ongoing