The rheology of structured fluids

In this thesis we present a theoretical investigation of the rheological properties of gels and colloidal dispersions, subjected to shear stresses. We present a mean field calculation of the effective shear modulus of an elastic material containing elastic inclusions and use the resulting expression to model a gel under shear. We calculate the stress-strain curve for such a gel and show that the gel is expected to fail along planes parallel to the plates providing the shearing forces. A model of layered colloidal structures is investigated by considering the sheared flow of many layers of fluid with differing viscosities in each layer. Such flows are shown to be linearly unstable for all systems with more than four layers, when long wavelength perturbations are present. A microscopic model of a flowing suspension of neutrally buoyant spheres is presented, based on the approach used by Batchelor to describe a fluidised bed. This model takes into the account the lift forces of Vasseur and Cox and the diffusion effects of Brownian motion. The model is used to calculate the equilib­rium particle distributions and fluid velocity profiles for a suspension subjected to shear. to shear. This equilibrium solution is shown to be stable to small fluctuations of the flow, by a linear stability analysis

Abdominal trauma in dogs 2. management

Trauma represents a big challenge for emergency doctors both in human and veterinary medicine. There have been great advancements in trauma medicine in people and these often provide an inspiration for veterinary surgeons. However, the vast differences in the facilities and finances available in human and veterinary medicine make the approach to trauma in both fields quite different. This article, the second in a two-part series, describes how to manage canine trauma patients. The first part focused on the initial investigation of canine abdominal trauma. Although this article will mention guidelines in people, these should not be automatically applied to dogs, especially when more relevant evidence for this species exists

Kontrollmitteilungen im Steuerrecht System - Rechtsvergleich - Reformimpulse

Die Effektivität der Steuerverwaltung und die Akzeptanz ihres Handelns werden maßgeblich durch die Ausgestaltung und die Gleichmäßigkeit der Anwendung ihres Informationsrechts bestimmt. Erklärungspflichten der Steuerbürger gehen einher mit (auch verfassungsrechtlichen) Verifikationspflichten der Finanzbehörden. Als eines der wirksamsten Mittel zur Sachaufklärung steht dabei das Institut der Kontrollmitteilung im weiteren Sinne zur Verfügung. Stefan Humm liefert eine Übersicht über allgemeine Grundlagen und einschlägige gesetzliche Regelungen des Kontrollmitteilungswesens unter Berücksichtigung empirischer und verfassungsrechtlicher Fragestellungen. Aufgezeigte Defizite des geltenden Systems und rechtsvergleichende Überlegungen führen ihn zum Entwurf eines »neuen« Kontrollmitteilungswesens, mit dem auch die Grundlage für ein effektives Verfahren der vorausgefüllten Steuererklärung gelegt werden soll

Virginia Woolf and photography

From 2000, criticism on Woolf and the visual has quadrupled in volume. The research work about a photographic Woolf – which include other photographers’ interaction with Woolf such as Gisèle Freund or my own analysis of Woolf and Bell’s personal photo albums – shows how these newer issues of Woolf and photography are now absolutely central in any consideration of Virginia Woolf studies, gaining a noticeable importance when we consider the interdisciplinary issue of photography and gender

„People like us“ : A Science Poetry Slam for Young Muslims

The audiences of science communication in the West activities are often predominantly male, older, highly educated, socio-economically better off, and have a white ethnic background (e.g. Dawson 2019: 67). Other demographic groups in society are underrepresented, and often it is not even known in detail who the not reached groups are (Schrögel et al. 2018). In order to improve this situation, science communication practice has to change and give excluded audiences more space on and in front of the stage. In this lightning talk, I will give insights into a pilot format trying to achieve this: a science poetry slam with and for young Muslims with a migration background in Germany. We developed, implemented, and evaluated the slam together with young Muslims from Berlin. They reported that they are missing „people like us” in science (communication), thus the slam aimed to get them in touch with role models from their community by inviting both science and poetry slammer with a migration background to perform at the event. The talk will present findings regarding the design, implementation, and evaluation of the slam — what worked and what didn’t

Design of Novel Experiments and Analyses for Head and Spine Trauma Biomechanics

Previous biomechanics research studies have used both whole-body and isolated postmortem human surrogate experiments to define human injury tolerances, advance safety in injury producing environments, and promulgate standards for design of injury mitigating systems. Recent developments in transportation and sports-related fields have led to an increasing need to determine tolerances for combined loading (multi-axis) scenarios. This dissertation demonstrates the efficacy of the novel experimental design and analysis to head and spine trauma in these modalities. The first topic was the design of a novel experiment to examine the effect oblique loading on the tension tolerance of the lumbar spine. To examine this injury tolerance, isolated lumbosacral spine experiments were used with a custom six degree-of-freedom spinal alignment device. The isolated experiment injury matched previous whole-body tests and failure kinetics were obtained. The second topic was the design of a novel experiment to measure the response of the head and neck to off axis moment loading at the occipital condyle joint. A dynamic rotational system applied angular displacement centered at the OC joint in an orientation that resulted in combined flexion-extension/lateral-bending/and axial rotation of the head. Region-specific anatomic kinetics were determined using load cells and a motion capture system. The third topic was the design of a novel experiment model to assess the accuracy of wearable sensors for concussion research. The goal of this topic was to design a new technique which placed a custom sensor near the head-center-of-gravity in whole-body and isolated head/head-neck PMHS. Tests were conducted to benchmark current wearable sensors in the sport and military environments. The measured head kinematics from the in-PMHS sensor serves as the gold standard for these tests. The fourth topic was design of a novel technique to compute three-dimensional time-varying global response kinematics of the head, spine, and pelvis in oblique frontal impacts. Collected data were combined to create three-dimensional temporal global kinematic corridors which are needed to validate current and future finite element models of the components/subsystems, human body models, and they can also be used for benchmarking different computational models