How did social media help Corbyn win the Labour leadership?

On 12 September 2015 Jeremy Corbyn was elected Labour leader, a result which would’ve been dismissed as mere fantasy in the days after the general election four months earlier. Rosa Prince – who speaks about her new book, Comrade Corbyn, at the LSE on February 3 – explains why her subject is no accidental leader

Donor contributions to the strengthening of the African peace and security architecture

"On the African continent the establishment of the African Union (AU) in the year 2003 was significant in terms of the development of a new African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). In reaction to the African reform dynamics and the emerging international security agenda, external actors have begun to adjust their instruments and rethink their choices for action. New security concepts as well as recent approaches in development policy and other policy fields explicitly aim to support the peace and security architecture in Africa. When it comes to external support these developments have led to a search for changing approaches spanning foreign, security and development policy. This study sets out to analyse the new APSA in the context of changing concepts for external support to it." (author's abstract

Frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Mexicali, Baja California

ResumenIntroducciónLos médicos internos de pregrado (MIPS), son propensos a sufrir trastornos de depresión. Traduciéndose en apatía, distraimiento, aislamiento, agresividad o cinismo y a una deficiente atención de los pacientes.ObjetivoConocer la frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Mexicali, Baja California.MétodoEstudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital General de Zona n.° 30 del IMSS, Mexicali, Baja California, universo de trabajo MIPS de la institución. Criterios de inclusión: MIPS adscritos al Hospital General de Zona n.° 30, que aceptaran participar en el estudio. Criterios de exclusión: que estuvieran en tratamiento psiquiátrico, de vacaciones, incapacitados o ausentes el día que se les aplicó la escala de evaluación. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos, por medio de una carta de consentimiento informado. Instrumento de medición: escala de autoevaluación para la depresión de Zung. Análisis estadístico: medidas descriptivas de tendencia central, dispersión. Programa estadístico SPSS 20.ResultadosSe estudiaron a 70 MIPS, correspondiendo 38 (54.3%) al sexo femenino, el promedio de edad fue de 24.3±1.9, con una mínima 22, máxima 36 años (IC 95% 23.83 a 24.77). El sexo femenino fue el más frecuente con rasgos de depresión 14(20%) y durante la rotación por gineco-obstetricia 7(10%). Los MIPS de las universidades participantes fueron: Autónoma de Baja California 58(82.9%), Xochicalco (CEUX) 11(15.71%) y Sinaloa (UAS) 1(1.42%). La depresión mínima se presentó en 13(18.6%), depresión moderada en 7(10%) y 0% en depresión severa. La frecuencia de rasgos de depresión fue de 20 (28.6%).ConclusionesLa frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en los MIPS fue de 20 (28.6%), predominando la depresión mínima.AbstractIntroductionUndergraduate medical students (MIPS) are prone to suffering depression disorders. These can translate into apathy, distraction, isolation, aggression and cynicism, as well as poor patient care.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of depression traits in undergraduate medical students at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in Mexicali, Baja California.MethodA descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the Hospital General Zone 30 at the IMSS, Mexicali, Baja California, the work environment of the MIPS of the institution. Inclusion criteria: MIPS affiliated with the Hospital General Zone 30, who agreed to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria: undergoing psychiatric treatment, on holiday, incapacitated or absent on the day the assessment scale was applied. We considered the ethical aspects, by means of an informed consent form. Instrument of measurement: Zung self-rating depression scale. Statistical analysis: descriptive measures of central tendency and dispersion. Statistical program: SPSS 20.Results70 MIPS were studied, 38 of which were female (54.3%); the average age was 24.3±1.9, with a minimum of 22 and a maximum of 36 years (95% CI, 23.83 to 24.77). Depression traits occurred most commonly in females (14 [20%]) and during the Gynaecology-Obstetrics rotation (7 [10%]). The MIPS universities participating were: Autónoma de Baja California 58 (82.9%), Xochicalco (CEUX) 11 (15.71%) and Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS) 1 (1.42%). Minimal depression occurred in 13 (18.6%), moderate depression in 7 (10%) and severe depression in 0. The frequency of depression traits was 20 (28.6%).ConclusionsThe frequency of depression traits in the MIPS was 20 (28.6%), predominantly minimal depression

Artificial Lighting as a Vector Attractant and Cause of Disease Diffusion

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, epidemiologists have considered electrification to be a positive factor. In fact, electrification and plumbing are typical initiatives that represent the integration of an isolated population into modern society, ensuring the control of pathogens and promoting public health. Nonetheless, electrification is always accompanied by night lighting that attracts insect vectors and changes people's behavior. Although this may lead to new modes of infection and increased transmission of insect-borne diseases, epidemiologists rarely consider the role of night lighting in their surveys. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the epidemiological evidence concerning the role of lighting in the spread of vector-borne diseases to encourage other researchers to consider it in future studies. DISCUSSION: We present three infectious vector-borne diseases-Chagas, leishmaniasis, and malaria-and discuss evidence that suggests that the use of artificial lighting results in behavioral changes among human populations and changes in the prevalence of vector species and in the modes of transmission. CONCLUSION: Despite a surprising lack of studies, existing evidence supports our hypothesis that artificial lighting leads to a higher risk of infection from vector-borne diseases. We believe that this is related not only to the simple attraction of traditional vectors to light sources but also to changes in the behavior of both humans and insects that result in new modes of disease transmission. Considering the ongoing expansion of night lighting in developing countries, additional research on this subject is urgently needed.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, Brazi

Targeted disruption of the mouse villin gene does not impair the morphogenesis of microvilli

The small intestine is functionally dependent on the presence of the brush border, a tightly packed array of microvilli that forms the amplified apical surface of absorptive cells. In the core of each microvillus, actin filaments are bundled by two proteins, villin and fimbrin. Previous in vitro studies using antisense approaches indicated that villin plays an important role in the morphogenesis of microvilli. To examine the in vivo consequences of villin deficiency, we disrupted the mouse villin gene by targeted recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. A β-galactosidase cDNA was also introduced into the villin locus by the targeting event. Homozygous villin-deficient mice are viable, fertile, and display no gross abnormalities. Intact microvilli are present in the small intestine, colon, kidney proximal tubules, and liver bile canaliculi. Although subtle ultrastructural abnormalities can be detected in the actin cores of small intestinal microvilli, localization of sucrase isomaltase, brush border myosin I, and zonula occludens I to the microvillar surface of the small intestine is normal. Thus, in vivo, villin plays a minor or redundant role in the generation of microvilli in multiple absorptive tissues. Dev. Dyn. 1998;211:109–121. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35163/1/10_ftp.pd

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV