Evaluación de la conservación vial del pavimento de la av. Grau entre av. Chulucanas y av. Bellavista, Piura, utilizando el método PCI

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el estado de conservación del pavimento flexive de la Av. Grau entre la Av. Chulucanas y la Av. Bellavista de la ciudad de Piura. Para ello se calculó el Índice de Condición del Pavimento (PCI), cuyo procedimiento se encuentra descrito en el estándar ASTM D6433 – 18. Dicha metodología tiene una escala de calificación entre 0 y 100, donde el mínimo valor representa un pavimento fallado y el máximo un pavimento en buen estado. La inspección visual sobre el pavimento de la Av. Grau se realizó teniendo como base los 20 daños considerados por el método en su versión 2018, además del nivel de severidad y la proporción en la que se encuentra cada uno de ellos con respecto al área de su unidad. Con esta información y las curvas de valores deducibles que proporciona el estándar, se pudo determinar que el índice Condición del Pavimento en el tramo 01 es de 82 y para el tramo 02 fue de 72. En promedio se obtuvo un valor PCI de 77, que es indicativo de un pavimento en estado satisfactorio. Finalmente, con la ayuda de la información recogida en campo, se proponen algunas medidas correctivas para evitar que los deteriores sigan aumentando en su severidad y terminen afectando gravemente la condición del pavimento. Estas medidas van desde un sellado de grietas y cambio de parches, hasta realizar sobrecarpetas y reconstrucciones. Las opciones de reparación se basaron en las sugerencias que ofrece el manual del Ing. Luis Ricardo Vásquez Varela y teniendo en cuenta que resulte económicamente posible su ejecución.The purpose of this research work was to determine the state of preservation of the flexural pavement of Grau Avenue between Chulucanas Avenue and Bellavista Avenue in the city of Piura. For this purpose, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was calculated, whose procedure is described in the ASTM D6433 - 18 standard. This methodology has a rating scale between 0 and 100, where the minimum value represents a failed pavement and the maximum value represents a pavement in good condition. The visual inspection on the pavement of Grau Avenue was performed based on the 20 damages considered by the method in its 2018 version, in addition to the severity level and the proportion in which each of them is found with respect to the area of its unit. With this information and the deductible value curves provided by the standard, it was possible to determine that the Pavement Condition Index in section 01 is 82 and for section 02 it was 72. On average, a PCI value of 77 was obtained, which is indicative of a pavement in satisfactory condition. Finally, with the help of the information collected in the field, some corrective measures are proposed to prevent the deterioration from continuing to increase in severity and end up seriously affecting the condition of the pavement. These measures range from crack sealing and patch replacement to overlaying and reconstruction. The repair options were based on the suggestions offered in Luis Ricardo Vásquez Varela's manual and taking into account that it is economically feasible to carry them out.Tesi

Relación del ángulo de fase con variables de composición corporal y fuerza muscular en deportistas

El ángulo de fase (AF), actualmente es utilizado para establecer la integridad celular, por lo que ha sido empleada para reconocer la masa celular corporal y es utilizada como un indicador a nivel nutricional en los niños y adultos. Objetivo. Relacionar los valores obtenidos del AF con variables de composición corporal y fuerza muscular en deportistas. Metodología. Enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental y con un alcance correlacional de corte transversal, así mismo el tipo de datos que se tomaron fueron de 129 deportistas, 101(78,3) hombres y 28 (21,7%) y mujeres, a los que se les tomó composición corporal (a través de InBody 770), y fuerza muscular (T-force, modelo TF-100). Resultados. Se obtiene una correlación estadísticamente significativa pero débil entre el ángulo de fase y porcentaje (%) de masa grasa y entre fuerza media las cuales son inversas. Así mismo, se encontró una correlación moderada y estadística significativa entre ángulo de fase y kilogramos (Kg) de masa musculoesquelética, la carga (kg) fuerza máxima, Potencia Media, potencia máxima y agua corporal total y ángulo de fase las cuales son positivas.UY-MoUC

Maximum oxygen consumption measurement in professional football players of Bogotá

Introducción: en el fútbol colombiano no existe una guía clara para los entrenadores frente a la evaluación de la resistencia, una de las capacidades condicionales más implicadas en la realidad de este deporte, la cual, se evalúa mediante el consumo máximo de oxígeno. Objetivo general: establecer una clasificación del VO2 máx. para los futbolistas profesionales colombianos. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 39 futbolistas profesionales, con una edad media de 20,82 ± 2 años, una talla de 1,76 ± 0,06 m y un peso de 71,66 ± 6,3 kg. Resultados y discusión: se obtuvo el peso mediante una báscula de bioimpedancia Inbody770 y se evaluó el consumo de oxígeno, mediante la prueba de Léger. Con los resultados obtenidos, se establecieron categorías, mediante el método de intervalos de clase, resultando seis categorías comprendidas entre el valor mínimo (45,00 ml/kg/min) y máximo encontrados (59,6 ml/kg/min). Conclusión: los futbolistas de Bogotá presentaron valores medios de VO2 máx. inferiores a los de la mayoría de las poblaciones profesionales estudiadas en otras investigaciones.Introduction: Colombian football does not have a clearly trainer ́s guide for the evaluation of resistance, one of the principal conditional capacities involved in football, which is assessed by the maximal oxygen consumption.General objective: To establish a VO2 max. scale for the Colombian professional football players. Materials and methods: 39 professional football players were evaluated, whit an average age 20,82 ± 2 years, height 1,76 ± 0,06 m and weight 71,66 ± 6,3 kg. Results and discussion: The mass was obtained by the bioimpedance scale Inbody 770 and the oxygen consumption through the Leger test. Using the results, a scale was constructed with the class interval method, resulting six categories, comprise between the minimum (45,00 ml/kg/min) and maximum (59,6 ml/kg/min) values obtained. Conclusion: The soccer players from Bogota reveal a VO2max lower medium value compared with most of the professional soccer players studied in other investigationsIncluye referencias bibliográfica

Dermatoglifía y su relación con el perfil morfo-funcional en un club de fútbol sala masculino profesional de Bogotá

An optimal sports selection is formed by assessment of genotype (dermatoglyph) and phenotype (somatotype, body composition and physical abilities). The purpose of the study was to determine relationship between dermatoglyphics and morpho-functional profile in professional futsal athletes in the city Bogotá. The sample consisted of 12 men, who were anthropometrically evaluated, with a fat % of 18,4 ± 5,9; a musculoskeletal mass of 32,4 ± 4,4 kg and endo-mesomorphic somatotype. Through of dermatoglyphics, predominance was determined in the fingerprint designs L (69,2 ± 23,1), D10 (11,3 ± 3,6), SQTL (140,7 ± 95,1). Finally, explosive force was assessed with the Squat Jump test, in which the post position achieved the greatest height. In conclusion, there is a predisposition towards the physical capacities of speed, power, coordination and resistance, in addition the explosive force is greater in athletes with a lower value in endomorphic component and in percentage of fat mass.Una óptima selección deportiva está formada por la valoración del genotipo (dermatoglifía) y el fenotipo (somatotipo, composición corporal y capacidades físicas). El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la dermatoglifía y el perfil morfo-funcional en deportistas profesionales de futbol sala en la ciudad de Bogotá. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 hombres, quienes fueron evaluados antropométricamente, con porcentaje graso de 18,4 ± 5,9; masa músculo-esquelética de 32,4 ± 4,4 kg y un somatotipo endo-mesomórfico. Por medio de la dermatoglifía se determinó predominancia en los diseños dactilares presilla (69,2±23,1), D10 (11,3±3,6), SQTL (140,7±95,1). Por último, se valoró la fuerza explosiva con la prueba de Squat Jump, en la cual la posición de poste logró mayor altura. En conclusión, existe una predisposición hacia las capacidades físicas de velocidad, potencia, coordinación y resistencia, además la fuerza explosiva es mayor en deportistas con menor valor en el componente endomórfico y en el porcentaje de masa grasa

Relación del covid – 19 y la dermatomiositis asociada al anticuerpo anti – MDA-5

Anti-melanoma with gene 5 (MDA-5) is an antibody associated with the rheumatologic pathology dermatomyositis, and this antibody has been demonstrated in complications in rheumatologic and pulmonary diseases, which can be fatal. Objective: To determine the relationship between COVID-19 and dermatomyositis associated with anti-MDA-5 antibody. Methodology: A bibliographic review of the last 5 years was carried out. A total of 21 articles were identified including original and review articles. Results: Both MDA-5-DM and COVID-19 appear to share activation of the Interferon type I signaling pathway. COVID-19 infection activates cytoplasmic viral RNA sensors such as RIG-I and MDA-5. The recent description of new cohorts of patients with a broader range of clinical features of presentation has broadened the spectrum of anti-MDA-5 MD disease associated with COVID-19. Knowledge of the condition and its possible manifestations is key to early detection and improved survival. Anti-MDA-5 has a prevalence in 2019 coronavirus patients, and increases when mRNA vaccine is administered causing increased clinical and mortality in patients. further studies are needed to improve the relationship.El Anti-melanoma con el gen 5(MDA-5) es un anticuerpo asociado a la patología reumatológica dermatomiositis, y este anticuerpo ha sido demostrado en complicaciones en la enfermedades reumatológicas y pulmonares, las cuales pueden llegar a ser mortales. Objetivo: Determinar la relación del COVID – 19 y la dermatomiositis asociada al anticuerpo anti – MDA-5. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años. Se identificaron un total de 21 artículos entre ellos artículos originales y de revisión. Resultados: Tanto MDA-5-DM como COVID-19 parecen compartir activación de la vía de señalización Interferón tipo I. La infección por COVID-19 activa sensores virales citoplasmáticos de ARN como el RIG-I y MDA-5. La descripción reciente de nuevas cohortes de pacientes con una gama más amplia de características clínicas de presentación ha ampliado el espectro de la enfermedad de la DM anti-MDA-5 asociada con el Covis-19. El conocimiento de la afección y sus posibles manifestaciones es clave para la detección temprana y una mejor supervivencia. El Anti-MDA-5 tiene una prevalencia en los pacientes con coronavirus del 2019, y aumenta cuando se administra la vacuna ARNm provocando un incremento de la clínica y de la mortalidad de los pacientes. se necesitan más estudios para mejorar la relación

Dermatoglyphic profile and somatotype of university athletes

El presente estudio caracterizó el perfil dermatoglífico y somatotipo de 12 atletas universitarios, pertenecientes a la selección de atletismo de la universidad Santo Tomás, sede Bogotá. Se identificaron las características dermatoglíficas, acorde al protocolo de Cummins & Midlo (1942) para obtener los tipos de diseños de las impresiones digitales (A= 0,3; ± 0,7; L= 6,9 ± 2,6 y W= 2,8 ± 2,9) y a su vez la suma de la cantidad total de líneas ( SCTL= 170,6 ± 95,1) y por último, el índice delta (D10= 12,4 ± 3,3). Para el somatotipo, se tuvo en cuenta el protocolo de Heath & Carter (1990). Endomorfia en (2,5 ± 0,9); Mesomorfia (5,3 ± 0,9) y Ectomorfia (3,1 ± 1). El perfil dermatoglífico de cada uno de los deportistas, evidenció la presencia del somatotipo ectomorfo sobre los otros. Esto determinó la importancia de esta técnica como herramienta genética en la optimización de estrategias y orientaciones deportivas. La necesidad de seguir con estos procesos investigativos es fundamental para la academia, los procesos deportivos, los deportistas y al deporte Colombiano, universitario y profesional.This study characterized the dermatoglyphic profile and somatotype of 12 university athletes, belonging to the athletics team of the Santo Tomás University, Bogotá Campus. The dermatoglyphic characteristics were identified, according to the Cummins & Midlo (1942) protocol, to obtain the types of designs of digital impressions (A = 0.3; ± 0.7; L = 6.9 ± 2.6 and W = 2.8 ± 2.9) and, in turn, the sum of the total number of lines (SCTL = 170.6 ± 95.1), and finally, the delta index (D10 = 12.4 ± 3.3). For the somatotype, the Heath & Carter protocol (1990) was taken into account. Endomorphy in (2.5 ± 0.9); Mesomorphy (5.3 ± 0.9) and Ectomorphy (3.1 ± 1). The dermatoglyphic profile of each of the athletes evidenced the presence of the ectomorphic somatotype over the others. This determined the importance of this technique as a genetic tool in the optimization of sports strategies and orientations. The need to continue with these reseach processes are fundamental for the academy, sports processes, athletes, and Colombian university professional sport.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Un examen actualizado de la percepción de las barreras para la implementación de la farmacogenómica y la utilidad de los pares fármaco/gen en América Latina y el Caribe

La farmacogenómica (PGx) se considera un campo emergente en los países en desarrollo. La investigación sobre PGx en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sigue siendo escasa, con información limitada en algunas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, las extrapolaciones son complicadas, especialmente en poblaciones mixtas. En este trabajo, revisamos y analizamos el conocimiento farmacogenómico entre la comunidad científica y clínica de ALC y examinamos las barreras para la aplicación clínica. Realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones y ensayos clínicos en este campo en todo el mundo y evaluamos la contribución de ALC. A continuación, realizamos una encuesta regional estructurada que evaluó una lista de 14 barreras potenciales para la aplicación clínica de biomarcadores en función de su importancia. Además, se analizó una lista emparejada de 54 genes/fármacos para determinar una asociación entre los biomarcadores y la respuesta a la medicina genómica. Esta encuesta se comparó con una encuesta anterior realizada en 2014 para evaluar el progreso en la región. Los resultados de la búsqueda indicaron que los países de América Latina y el Caribe han contribuido con el 3,44% del total de publicaciones y el 2,45% de los ensayos clínicos relacionados con PGx en todo el mundo hasta el momento. Un total de 106 profesionales de 17 países respondieron a la encuesta. Se identificaron seis grandes grupos de obstáculos. A pesar de los continuos esfuerzos de la región en la última década, la principal barrera para la implementación de PGx en ALC sigue siendo la misma, la "necesidad de directrices, procesos y protocolos para la aplicación clínica de la farmacogenética/farmacogenómica". Las cuestiones de coste-eficacia se consideran factores críticos en la región. Los puntos relacionados con la reticencia de los clínicos son actualmente menos relevantes. Según los resultados de la encuesta, los pares gen/fármaco mejor clasificados (96%-99%) y percibidos como importantes fueron CYP2D6/tamoxifeno, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioides, DPYD/fluoropirimidinas, TMPT/tiopurinas, CYP2D6/antidepresivos tricíclicos, CYP2C19/antidepresivos tricíclicos, NUDT15/tiopurinas, CYP2B6/efavirenz y CYP2C19/clopidogrel. En conclusión, aunque la contribución global de los países de ALC sigue siendo baja en el campo del PGx, se ha observado una mejora relevante en la región. La percepción de la utilidad de las pruebas PGx en la comunidad biomédica ha cambiado drásticamente, aumentando la concienciación entre los médicos, lo que sugiere un futuro prometedor en las aplicaciones clínicas de PGx en ALC.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC

An Updated Examination of the Perception of Barriers for Pharmacogenomics Implementation and the Usefulness of Drug/Gene Pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio