Persepsi penagih, ibubapa dan masyarakat terhadap dadah

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk membentangkan kepada para peserta seminar mengenai sebahagian daripada penemuan hasil kajian yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 2000 mengenai peranan dan tanggungjawab ibu bapa atau keluarga dan masyarakat terhadap aspek pencegahan dan pemulihan dadah di negeri Johor serta mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mendorong penagih melibatkan diri dalam gejala penagihan. Responden kajian terdiri daripada 413 orang penagih lelaki dan 110 orang penagih wanita, 500 orang ibu bapa atau ahli keluarga penagih, 100 orang wakil masyarakat bagi setiap daerah di negeri Johor dan 85 orang pegawai di Pusat Serenti Tampoi, Muar, Kemumin dan Kelantan. Masalah penagihan dadah di Malaysia bukanlah satu masalah yang baru, malah telah berbangkit sejak empat dekad yang lalu, namun ianya semakin serius dan membimbangkan pelbagai pihak sehingga ke hari ini. Permasalahan dadah merupakan satu fenomena yang kompleks kerana ianya berkaitan dengan pelbagai isu, seperti isu pencegahan, undang-undang dan hukuman, penguatkuasaan, pemulihan dan lain-lain. Permasalahan dadah juga merupakan isu yang kompleks kerana ianya melibat pelbagai pihak secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung, seperti, para penagih, pengedar dadah, keluarga, ibu bapa, agensi kerajaan, pertubuhan bukan kerajaan dan lain-lain. Namun, kertas kerja ini hanya membentangkan dapatan mengenai persepsi penagih, ibu bapa atau keluarga dan masyarakat terhadap dadah. Persepsi tersebut adalah penting sebagai sebahagian daripada input untuk membantu pihak-pihak yang berkaitan untuk memahami sebahagian daripada permasalahan dadah di negara ini yang kemudiannya dapat digunakan untuk membantu usaha merangka strategi bagi membenterasnya dari semasa ke semasa

Collapsibility of PMMA based material in direct investment casting

Over recent years, the rapid growth of Additive manufacturing (AM) has benefits the Direct Investment Casting (DIC) process for intricate design in which significantly reduces the cost when associated with low volume production. Nevertheless, ceramic shells cracking has been recognized as critical problem when involved direct casting in which leads to incomplete collapsibility. Therefore, this study presents a numerical and experimental on poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) pattern collapsibility for investment casting process and the stress analysis study on the ceramic shells. Study revealed that there were significant average of 5.8 % reduction of stress between square and polygon patterns. This study was conducted to examine the collapsibility of AM materials in the IC process

Investigation of Internal Gas Leakage on the Gate Valve using Acoustic Signal

The gate valve is primarily used for starting/stopping the flow of fluids. It is suitable for most fluids such as water and chemicals as well as air, steam and gas in petrochemical and refinery plants that require high temperature and low pressure. The aim of this study is to define the frequency domain using AE signals, such as RMS and ASL, to determine the internal gas leakage. The conducted experiment employed a 4-inch diameter gate valve installed in the middle of the pipe length. To simulate industrial applications, the AE signals were observed at low-frequency (between 18.6 kHz to 19.5 kHz), with inlet pressures between 100 to 800 kPa and leakage rates between 0.5 percent to 2 percent. The frequency domain between 18.6 to 19.5 kHz and the inlet pressure of 100 to 800 kPa were displayed as the Root Mean Square (RMS) and Average Signal Limit (ASL). The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet influences the AE signal. The frequency spectrum can be correlated with the pressure leakage, thus providing leakage conditions. Therefore, the obtained results can be employed in industrial applications

Neksus antara indeks syariah dan fundamental makroekonomi

Kajian ini mengukur indeks Syariah berdasarkan Indeks Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dan Indeks FTSE Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Syariah. Manakala pemboleh ubah fundamental makroekonomi pula adalah penawaran wang, kadar faedah, kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit, dan indeks konvensional. Neksus dinamik antara indeks Syariah dan pemboleh ubah fundamental makroekonomi diuji berdasarkan kointegrasi antara pemboleh ubah bagi tempoh Julai 1999 hingga Disember 2017. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat kointegrasi antara FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dengan pemboleh ubah makroekonomi. Namun dapatan sebaliknya bagi FTSE Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Syariah. Pemboleh ubah yang mempengaruhi Indeks FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek adalah pemboleh ubah makroekonomi yang sama iaitu kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit dan indeks konvensional. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan pemboleh ubah Sistem Perbankan Islam yang dikaji, iaitu kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit mampu memainkan peranan sebagai penyuntik modal kepada pasaran modal Islam dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Ini menunjukkan indeks Syariah memerlukan polisi dan dasar yang sama dalam jangka panjang dan dalam jangka pendek bagi menjamin kekukuhannya dalam pasaran

The prophetic foods consumption among exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan, Pahang: An exploratory study

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) strongly advocate exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth as the optimal way of feeding infants. Nutritional inadequacy during breastfeeding period may lead to breastfeeding problems such as inadequate milk production which is a common reason to early breastfeeding termination. Galactagogue is one of the solutions seek by breastfeeding mothers to overcome this problem. Within the topic of prophetic medicine, scholars discussed the foods consumed by Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and their health benefits. Among the plants mentioned in Islamic literature are F.carica (figs), O.europea (olive), P.granatum (pomegranate) and N.sativa (habbatussauda). Studies on prophetic foods consumption among lactating mothers is limited in the literature. Thus, the aims of this study to explore on prophetic food consumption, among Malay mothers during exclusive breastfeeding period. Ten subjects are interviewed by in-depth semistructured interview guide. Inclusion criteria include Malay mothers aged 18 to 40 years, deliver full term babies and were exclusively breastfeeding. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim in Malay and translated into English. Translated transcripts were then analysed thematically with the help of NVivo software. Thematic analysis revealed three themes that represents participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice on prophetic foods consumption. The themes were 1) prophetic diet is related to Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)’s practice on foods and eating manners, 2) perceived benefits and effectiveness of prophetic foods consumption, and 3) Practice of prophetic foods consumption during exclusive breastfeeding period. This study provides an insight to the understanding and perception on prophetic foods consumption during exclusive breastfeeding period among breastfeeding mothers. It is acknowledged that prophetic foods, particularly dates may have lactogenic function. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the relationship between prophetic foods consumption and lactogenic activity

Assessment of prophetic foods consumption among lactating mothers: Combining quantitative & qualitative approaches

Introduction: The phrase ‘Prophetic food and medicine’ reflects the words and actions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the bearing of disease, treatment of disease, and care of patients. Among plants mentioned in the Al-Quran, Al-Hadith and Islamic literature are dates, pomegranates, figs, olive and black cumin seeds. These plants are widely used for medicinal purposes, as functional foods and industrial products. However, there are limited studies found regarding their effect on human milk quality and quantity. Thus, this paper aims to describe the methodology to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of prophetic foods consumption among lactating mothers in Kuantan, Pahang. Methodology: Pregnant Malay mothers aged 18 to 40 years old, at a gestational duration of ≥ 32 weeks, are recruited. During the lactation period, their dietary intake (specifically the consumption of prophetic foods) are assessed using a quantitative method which is food frequency questionnaire. A subsample of these mothers is then interviewed using semi-structured interview method on the prophetic food consumption. Quantitative and qualitative data are analysed using SPSS and NVivo software, respectively. Result: Reports of positive effects of prophetic food consumption on lactation experience namely improving human milk production is anticipated from this study. In addition, it will provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of prophetic food consumption in the lactation process. Conclusion: This research is at the forefront to provide the data on potential practice and application of prophetic foods in positively influencing lactation experience and quality of human milk

Neonatal health monitoring system with IOT application

The body temperature and heart rate are important parameters to monitor the neonatal situation. Neonatal need to be monitored closely in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to allow quick actions by physicians when any problems occur. The lack of systems that able to alert and indicates any warning condition of neonatal in NICU is one of the problems faced by most of the hospital. To reduce the complexity of the system at the NICU for monitoring the Neonatal condition from time to time, the health monitoring system using the Android app has been introduced. This system was introduced to improve the existing system to give alert and warning sign so that early precautions can be done. The project involves the LM35 temperature sensor and pulse sensor which is controlled by the Arduino Uno microcontroller with the help of instructions C / C ++, and Bluetooth networking system. This allows the user to monitor the baby's condition through applications that use Bluetooth networking system. Users must have the application that can be downloaded on Google Play. Furthermore, this system is not only applicable for the physicians but also for others to monitor the condition of Neonatal even though they are outside of the NICU. The neonatal condition can be checked by the LCD display

Spectroscopic studies of Er3+-Yb3+ codoped multicomposition tellurite oxide glass

Multicomposition of Er3+-Yb3+ codoped tellurite oxide, TeO2-ZnO-PbO-TiO2-Na2O glass has been investigated. Detailed spectroscopic study of the Judd-Ofelt analysis has been performed from the measured absorption spectrum in order to obtain the intensity parameters Wt (t=2, 4, 6). The calculated Wt values were then utilized in the determination of transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios of the Er3+ transitions between the J(upper)-J’(lower) manifolds. Both visible upconversion and near-infrared spectra were characterized under the 980 nm laser diode excitation at room temperature

The knowledge, attitude and practice of prophetic foods consumption among exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan, Pahang: an exploratory study

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) strongly advocate exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth as the optimal way of feeding infants. Nutritional inadequacy during breastfeeding period may lead to breastfeeding problems such as inadequate milk production which is a common reason to early breastfeeding termination. Galactagogue is one of the solutions seek by breastfeeding mothers to overcome this problem. Within the topic of prophetic medicine, scholars discussed the foods consumed by Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and their health benefits. Among the plants mentioned in Islamic literature are F.carica (figs), O.europea (olive), P.granatum (pomegranate) and N.sativa (habbatussauda). Studies on prophetic foods consumption among lactating mothers is limited in the literature. Thus, the aims of this study to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of prophetic food consumption, among Malay mothers during exclusive breastfeeding period. Ten subjects are interviewed by in-depth semi-structured interview guide. Inclusion criteria include Malay mothers aged 18 to 40 years, deliver full term babies and were exclusively breastfeeding. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim in Malay and translated into English. Translated transcripts were then analysed thematically with the help of NVivo software. Thematic analysis revealed three themes that represents participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice on prophetic foods consumption. The themes were 1) prophetic diet is related to Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)’s practice on foods and eating manners, 2) perceived benefits and effectiveness of prophetic foods consumption, and 3) Practice of prophetic foods consumption during exclusive breastfeeding period. This study provides an insight to the understanding and perception on prophetic foods consumption during exclusive breastfeeding period among breastfeeding mothers. It is acknowledged that prophetic foods, particularly dates may have lactogenic function. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the relationship between prophetic foods consumption and lactogenic activity

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks