Public‐private‐people partnership as a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from residential development

This paper examines the possibility of Public‐Private‐People partnership (4P) model as a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from residential developments. The case project focuses on the energy system design as a part of urban planning. Based on the case experiences, the paper presents a 4P framework for low‐carbon residential development systems. The theoretical model was tested in one specific case project, Nupurinkartano. The major findings were that the 4P framework is a relevant tool for decreasing carbon emissions when planning a new development; the applied solution delivered an energy system design that could reduce the CO2 emissions of the development by 75%. Based on literature this paper suggests that a new development should be viewed as one system instead of several different subsystems. The paper concludes by suggesting that 4P offers an alternative approach for urban planning, specifically energy system planning, and it can deliver significant improvements in carbon efficiency. Santruka Šiame darbe nagrinejama galimybe viešojo ir privataus sektoriu bei žmoniu partnerystes (angl. Public‐Pri‐vate‐People Partnership ‐ 4P) modeli taikyti kaip būda mažinti anglies dvideginio emisijas gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose. Pasirinktame projekte daugiausia demesio skiriama energetikos sistemos projektavimui, kuris yra miestu planavimo dalis. Remiantis atvejo patirtimi, darbe pristatoma 4P struktūra, skirta mažai anglies dvideginio išmetančioms gyvenamuju rajonu sistemoms. Teorinis modelis išmegintas pasirinkus konkretu projekta Nupurinkartano rajone. Padaryta išvada, kad, planuojant nauja rajona, 4P struktūra — tinkama priemone mažinti anglies dvideginio emisijas. Pritaikius ši sprendima buvo parengtas energetikos sistemos projektas, CO2 emisijas rajone galintis sumažinti 75 proc. Remiantis literatūros šaltiniais šiame darbe teigiama, kad nauja rajona reiketu traktuoti kaip viena sistema, o ne kelis skirtingus posistemius. Darbas baigiamas teigiant, kad 4P — tai alternatyvus miestu, ypač energetikos sistemu, planavimo būdas, galintis suteikti galimybiu veiksmingai mažinti anglies dvideginio emisijas. First Published Online: 09 Jun 201

Rengastusvuosi 2021

Non peer reviewe

Mitä tietoa Suomessa saadaan hoitoilmoitusrekistereistä ja mitä väestötutkimuksista? : Kansanterveyden seuranta, arviointi ja ennakointi

Vertaisarvioitu. English summary.Lähtökohdat : Väestön terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin seurannassa on tulevaisuudessa tärkeää väestö¬tutkimusten ohella hyödyntää rekisteritietoja. Tämä vaatii ymmärrystä tietojen luotettavuudesta erilaisten ilmiöiden kuvaajina. Menetelmät : FinTerveys 2017 -tutkimukseen osallistuneiden tutkimustietoja ja hoitoilmoitusrekistereistä saatuja tietoja verrattiin muutaman keskeisen sairauden ja riskitekijän yleisyyden arvioinnissa. Tulokset : Diabeteksen, sepelvaltimotaudin, astman ja keuhkoahtaumataudin yleisyydet olivat tutkitussa väestössä lähes samanlaisia sekä väestötutkimustiedon että rekisteritiedon perusteella. Masennusta tunnistettiin rekisteritietojen perusteella selvästi vähemmän kuin tutkimustietojen perusteella. Hoitoilmoitus¬rekisterien tiedot olivat täysin puutteellisia kohonneen verenpaineen ja lihavuuden tunnistamiseen. Päätelmät : Arviot sellaisten sairauksien yleisyydestä, jotka vaativat jatkuvaa seurantaa ja säännöllistä lääkitystä, ovat hyvin samanlaisia sekä rekisteri- että tutkimustiedon perusteella. Hoitoilmoitusrekisterien tieto ei sen sijaan anna luotettavaa kuvaa terveysriskien yleisyydestä.Peer reviewe

Kansanterveyden seuranta, arviointi ja ennakointi : mitä tietoa Suomessa saadaan hoitoilmoitusrekistereistä ja mitä väestötutkimuksista?

Lähtökohdat : Väestön terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin seurannassa on tulevaisuudessa tärkeää väestö­tutkimusten ohella hyödyntää rekisteritietoja. Tämä vaatii ymmärrystä tietojen luotettavuudesta erilaisten ilmiöiden kuvaajina.Menetelmät : FinTerveys 2017 -tutkimukseen osallistuneiden tutkimustietoja ja hoitoilmoitusrekistereistä saatuja tietoja verrattiin muutaman keskeisen sairauden ja riskitekijän yleisyyden arvioinnissa.Tulokset : Diabeteksen, sepelvaltimotaudin, astman ja keuhkoahtaumataudin yleisyydet olivat tutkitussa väestössä lähes samanlaisia sekä väestötutkimustiedon että rekisteritiedon perusteella. Masennusta tunnistettiin rekisteritietojen perusteella selvästi vähemmän kuin tutkimustietojen perusteella. Hoitoilmoitus­rekisterien tiedot olivat täysin puutteellisia kohonneen verenpaineen ja lihavuuden tunnistamiseen.Päätelmät : Arviot sellaisten sairauksien yleisyydestä, jotka vaativat jatkuvaa seurantaa ja säännöllistä lääkitystä, ovat hyvin samanlaisia sekä rekisteri- että tutkimustiedon perusteella. Hoitoilmoitusrekisterien tieto ei sen sijaan anna luotettavaa kuvaa terveysriskien yleisyydestä

Kohonnut verenpaine : KÄYPÄHOITO-SUOSITUS (Päivitystiivistelmä)

Koko suositus luettavissa: www.kaypahoito.f

Role of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Seasonal Adaptation in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expresses uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), which enables energy to be exerted towards needed thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes are precursor cells interspersed among white adipose tissue (WAT) that possess similar UCP1 activity and capacity for thermogenesis. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid species that utilizes seasonal obesity to survive periods of food shortage in climate zones with cold winters. The potential to recruit a part of the abundant WAT storages as beige adipocytes for UCP1-dependent thermogenesis was investigated in vitro by treating raccoon dog adipocytes with different browning inducing factors. In vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with the glucose analog 18F-FDG showed that BAT was not detected in the adult raccoon dog during the winter season. In addition, UCP1 expression was not changed in response to chronic treatments with browning inducing factors in adipocyte cultures. Our results demonstrated that most likely the raccoon dog endures cold weather without the induction of BAT or recruitment of beige adipocytes for heat production. Its thick fur coat, insulating fat, and muscle shivering seem to provide the adequate heat needed for surviving the winter

Novel Blood Pressure Locus and Gene Discovery Using Genome-Wide Association Study and Expression Data Sets From Blood and the Kidney.

Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has a substantial genetic contribution. Genetic variation influencing blood pressure has the potential to identify new pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. To discover additional novel blood pressure loci, we used 1000 Genomes Project-based imputation in 150 134 European ancestry individuals and sought significant evidence for independent replication in a further 228 245 individuals. We report 6 new signals of association in or near HSPB7, TNXB, LRP12, LOC283335, SEPT9, and AKT2, and provide new replication evidence for a further 2 signals in EBF2 and NFKBIA Combining large whole-blood gene expression resources totaling 12 607 individuals, we investigated all novel and previously reported signals and identified 48 genes with evidence for involvement in blood pressure regulation that are significant in multiple resources. Three novel kidney-specific signals were also detected. These robustly implicated genes may provide new leads for therapeutic innovation

National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio : a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Background: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and nonHDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since similar to 1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at similar to 0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as similar to 0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to similar to 26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.Peer reviewe

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups