Plantas que acompañan: Etnobotánica de sahumos y de sahumeras en el litoral fluvial del río Paraná (Santa Fe, Argentina)

Background and aims: The practice of smudging is an activity that remains present and current in various indigenous, peasant and urban contexts in Latin America. The study is approached from an urban botany developed by women, the smudge stick makers, who gather, dry, weave and intend the plant bodies. We explore the uses and significant of the plants that make up the smudge in the river basin of Paraná.M&M: Through ethnography tools, we conducted interviews with seven women (between 23 and 42 years of age), smudge stick makers who make, use and marketbundles of plants. We established the geographic origin of the species, acquisition ways and gathering areas of the plants.Results: A total of 58 species were recorded, of which 30 were native. Gathering is the most common acquisition way (93%). It is in the gathering, the identification and in the transit where plants and smudge stick makers converge, forming relationalities. In this way physiological, affective and emotional bonds are established accompanying the experiences of the smudge stick makers.Conclusions: The ethnobotany of smudge stick makers takes us to the limits, where the urban and the rural, the city dweller and the peasant, the human and thenon-human converge. The companion plants defy the materiality of the utilitarian, smudge is finally defined as a relation, a meeting between existing with the ability toaffect and even ‘accompany’ each other.Introducción y objetivos: El sahumar es una actividad que se mantiene presente y vigente en diversos contextos indígenas, campesinos y urbanos en Latinoamérica. Se aborda el estudio desde una botánica urbana desarrollada por mujeres, las sahumeras, que recolectan, secan, tejen e intencionan cuerpos vegetales. Se exploran usos y significaciones de las plantas que integran los sahumos en el litoral fluvial del río Paraná.M&M: Por medio de herramientas propias de la etnografía, se realizaron entrevistas a siete mujeres (entre 23 y 42 años de edad), sahumeras que confeccionan, emplean y comercializan atados de plantas “sahumos”. Se estableció el origen biogeográfico de las especies, así como las formas de obtención y los lugares a los que se accede para la obtención de las plantas.Resultados: Se registró un total de 58 especies, 30 de ellas de origen nativo. La recolección es la forma de adquisición más común (93%). Es en la recolección, la identificación y en el mismo transitar donde convergen plantas y sahumeras formando relacionalidades. Se establecen así vínculos fisiológicos, afectivos y emocionales que acompañan las vivencias y las experiencias de las sahumeras.Conclusión: La etnobotánica de las sahumeras, nos lleva a los límites dondeconfluyen lo urbano y lo rural, lo citadino y lo campesino, lo humano y lo no- humano. Las ‘plantas que acompañan’, desafían la materialidad de lo utilitario; el sahumo es definido finalmente como una relación, un encuentro entre existentes con la capacidad a afectarse e incluso ‘acompañarse’ mutuamente

Clasificaciones y percepciones asociadas al conocimiento de la leña utilizada en una comunidad rural del Chaco Seco (Catamarca, Argentina)

Background and Aims: Firewood is one of the main sources of energy for rural populations in various environments and ecosystems around the world. It is a priority to establish, from a local point of view, the main sets of knowledge and perceptions related to the use of these wood-energy resources, defining which are the main terms and categories related to firewood in the Sierra de Ancasti, Province of Catamarca, Argentina. Methods: By means of the “snowball” technique and through to open and semi-structured interviews in 46 domestic units, guided walks, collection of botanical specimens, herbarium work and literary revision, the main perceptions associated with the use and knowledge of firewood species were established. To obtain the local classification categories and vernacular terms associated with firewood, a “word game” was proposed. Using sets and Venn diagrams and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), species groupings were identified according to local categories, terms and definitions.Key results: The rural inhabitants indicated, from 74 common names, 53 species of firewood, corresponding to 45 genera and 23 botanical families. A high percentage of species of native origin stands out (74%). In 456 mentions, for 40 species, a total of 25 terms related to the properties of wood and related to combustion and fire were registered. The terms most used by the rural inhabitants to describe and classify a firewood are: “strong” (52 mentions, associated with 11 species), “firm” (39, 13 spp.), “cute” (33, 13 spp.) and “easy to extinguish” (30, 11 spp.).Conclusions: At present, the inhabitants recognize, describe and identify the firewood. They use characters that are related to the ember, highlighting as positive attributes characteristics related to caloric power and duration. The need is emphasized to address the social dynamics related to the environment from the field itself, as a way of knowing local priorities and channeling efforts for biological and cultural conservation.Antecedentes y Objetivos: La leña constituye una de las principales fuentes de energía de las poblaciones rurales en diversos ambientes y ecosistemas alrededor del mundo. Es una prioridad establecer, desde la mirada local, los principales conjuntos de saberes y percepciones vinculados al uso de este recurso dendroenergético, definiendo los principales términos y categorías relacionados con la leña utilizada en la Sierra de Ancasti, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. Métodos: A partir de la técnica “bola de nieve” y por medio de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas en 46 unidades familiares, caminatas guiadas, recolección de ejemplares botánicos, trabajo de herbario y revisión de la literatura, se establecieron las principales percepciones asociadas al uso y conocimiento de especies de leñas. Para obtener las categorías locales de clasificación y términos vernáculos asociados a la leña se propone un “juego de palabras”. Por medio de un diagrama de conjuntos y un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) se identificaron las agrupaciones de especies según las categorías, los términos y las definiciones locales. Resultados clave: Los pobladores señalaron, a partir de 74 nombres comunes, a 53 especies de plantas leñosas que corresponden a 45 géneros y 23 familias botánicas. Destaca el alto porcentaje de especies de origen nativo (74%). En 456 menciones, para 40 especies, se registraron 25 términos relacionados con las propiedades de la madera de las plantas vinculadas con la combustión y el fuego. Los términos más usados por los pobladores para describir y clasificar la leña son: “fuerte” (52 menciones, asociadas a 11 especies), “firme” (39, 13 spp.), “linda” (33, 13 spp.) y “apagosa” (30, 11 spp.). Conclusiones: En la actualidad los pobladores reconocen, describen e identifican la leña utilizando mayoritariamente caracteres que se relacionan con la brasa; destacan como atributos positivos características vinculadas al poder calórico y a la duración. Se enfatiza la necesidad de abordar las dinámicas sociales relacionadas con el medio ambiente desde el propio campo, como una forma de conocer las prioridades locales y canalizar los esfuerzos para la conservación biológica y cultural

Cognition, culture and utility:Plant classification by Paraguayan immigrant farmers in Misiones, Argentina

Background: This study was conducted in three rural communities of small farmers of Paraguayan origin living in the province of Misiones, Argentina. These Criollos (Mestizos) hail chiefly from departments located in the east of Paraguay, where the climate and flora have similar characteristics as those in Misiones. These ecological features contribute to the continuation and maintenance of knowledge and practices related to the use of plants. Methods: Fieldwork was conducted between September 2014 and August 2015. Forty five informants from three rural localities situated along the Parana River participated in an ethno-classification task. For the classification event, photographs of 30 medicinal and edible plants were chosen, specifically those yielding the highest frequency of mention among the members of that community (based on data obtained in the first stage of research in 2014). Variation in local plant classifications was examined and compared using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results: We found that people classify plants according to application or use (primarily medicinal, to a lesser extent as edible). Morphology is rarely taken into account, even for very similar and closely-related species such as varieties of palms. In light of our findings, we highlight a dominant functionality model at work in the process of plant cognition and classification among farmers of Paraguayan origin. Salient cultural beliefs and practices associated with rural Paraguayan plant-based medicine are described. Additionally, the manner by which residents’ concepts of plants articulate with local folk epistemology is discussed. Conclusions: Culturally constructed use patterns ultimately override morphological variables in rural Paraguayans’ ethnobotanical classification.Antecedentes: Este trabajo se realizó con pequeños agricultores de origen paraguayo, que habitan en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Los criollos (mestizos) en su mayoría provienen de departamentos ubicados al oriente del Paraguay, donde el clima y la flora presentan características similares a la provincia de Misiones. Estas características ecológicas contribuyen a la continuación y el mantenimiento de los conocimientos y las prácticas relacionados al uso de las plantas. Métodos El trabajo de campo se realizó entre septiembre de 2014 y agosto de 2015. En la etnoclasificación participaron 45 informantes, provenientes de tres localidades rurales, situadas a lo largo del río Paraná, frontera entre los dos países. Para la clasificación se utilizaron imágenes fotográficas de 30 especies -comestibles y medicinales- preseleccionadas como las de mayor frecuencia de mención entre los habitantes de la región (a partir de los datos obtenidos en una primera etapa de investigación en el año 2014). Por medio del análisis de componentes principales y el análisis de agrupamiento (cluster) se contrastaron y compararon las variaciones en las etnoclasificaciones locales de plantas. Resultados Se encontró que los pobladores clasifican sus plantas según su aplicación y uso (mayormente asociadas a la categoría medicinal y en menor medida a la comestible). Mientras, la morfología rara vez se tiene en cuenta, incluso en aquellas especies muy similares y estrechamente relacionadas como las palmeras. A la luz de los hallazgos, se destaca un modelo de funcionalidad dominante en el proceso de cognición y de clasificación de las plantas entre los agricultores de origen paraguayo. Se describen las principales creencias y prácticas culturales asociadas a la medicina rural paraguaya. Adicionalmente, se discuten algunos de los conceptos de las plantas que mantienen los paraguayos y su articulación con la epistemología local. Conclusiones En la clasificación etnobotánica de los pobladores de origen paraguayo los patrones de uso construidos culturalmente tienen mayor peso que las variables morfológicas.Fil: Kujawska, Monika. University Of Lodz; ArgentinaFil: Jiménez Escobar, Néstor David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Nolan, Justin M.. University Of Arkansas; Estados UnidosFil: Arias Mutis, Daniel. University of Groningen; Países Bajo

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using √s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A 0 = −2m 0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry