Evaluación de la tratabilidad de la mezcla de aguas residuales procedentes del sector Malteria en Manizales

Se estudió la degradación de las aguas residuales provenientes del sector Maltería, zona industrial de Manizales, ya que esta quebrada recibe los residuos generados por las distintas industrias ubicadas en este sector lo que causa un deterioro en la calidad del agua, con el fin de comparar dos métodos de degradación a escala de laboratorio y determinar cuál era el más adecuado para lograr un mayor porcentaje de remoción de materia orgánica de la mezcla. Los métodos utilizados fueron aerobio Zahn Wellens ISO 9888 y el método anaerobio Actividad Metanogénica Especifica AME, para el desarrollo de estos métodos se realizaron varios muestreos en diferentes fechas, en los cuales no estaban presentes el total de los vertimientos industriales. La disminución de la materia orgánica se evaluó midiendo la demanda química de oxigeno (DQO), tomando alícuotas de los reactores dos veces por semana durante un periodo aproximado de 40 días para cada muestreo, adicional a esto para el método anaerobio se realizó la medición diaria de producción de metano por el desplazamiento de hidróxido de sodio. Con respecto a las mezclas analizadas se encontraron unos porcentajes de remoción entre el 50 y el 80% para ambos tratamientos, utilizando lodos provenientes de diferentes plantas de tratamiento, obteniéndose como resultado un porcentaje mayor con los lodos de las plantas de tratamientos de aguas residuales. Para el tratamiento anaerobio se realizó la medición de la actividad metanogénica especifica encontrándose valores menores de 0,02-0,2 (gDQO/gSTV*d). Se realizó a la mezcla inicial y final que contenía las aguas de cada una de las industrias que realizan los vertimientos al cauce de la quebrada, la medición de los siguientes parámetros: DQO, DBO5, alcalinidad, sólidos suspendidos totales, sólidos suspendidos volátiles, ácidos grasos volátiles, pH y nitrógeno Kjeldahl total. Con los resultados obtenidos para cada tratamiento en todos los muestreos se realizó el análisis estadístico ANOVA con el que se pudo determinar que para las condiciones bajo las cuales se realizó este trabajo no hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (aerobio y anaerobio).To compare two methods of laboratory scale degradation and determine which was the best to achieve a higher percentage of organic matter removal in a mixture, wastewater degradation of the creek located in the area Maltería, Manizales industrial zone was studied, because it receives waste generated by different industries in this sector and this is causing a deterioration in water quality. The methods used were aerobic Zahn Wellens method ISO 9888 and AME Specifies anaerobic methanogenic activity, for the development of these methods were performed several samples on different dates , in which there were not the total industrial discharges . The reduction of the organic material was evaluated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (DQO), by taking aliquots of the reactors twice weekly over a period of approximately 40 days for each sample , in addition to this method for anaerobic daily measurement was performed methane Production by displacing sodium hydroxide. With respect to the mixtures tested were found removal percentages between 50 and 80% for both treatments, using different sludge from treatment plants, obtaining as a result a greater percentage with sludge from treatment plants wastewater. Anaerobic treatment was performed measuring the specific methanogenic activity under 0.02-0.2 finding values (gDQO / gSTV * d ). In the initial mixture and in the final mixing was performed to measure the following parameters: DQO, DBO5, alkalinity, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, volatile fatty acids, pH and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. With the results obtained for each treatment in all samples was performed statistical analysis ANOVA with which it was determined that for the conditions under which this work was done there was no significant difference between these

Juego de ajedrez sobre dispositivos móviles con sistema operativo Android para personas con limitación visual

El proyecto surge al ver la necesidad de una aplicación para que las personas con limitación visual puedan jugar ajedrez en plataformas móviles con sistema operativo Android, además al investigar las posibilidades que brinda el mercado para satisfacer las necesidades de este tipo de personas con limitación, se evidencia que estas posibilidades son pocas, por las razones anteriormente mencionadas, y teniendo en cuenta que en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, existen personas con este tipo de limitación, surge la idea de desarrollar un software sobre plataforma Android, el cual permita a los discapacitados visuales jugar ajedrez de manera remota con otras personas en el mundo y así disfrutar de uno de los juegos más practicados por los individuos con este tipo de limitación física

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe