2,107 research outputs found
Variation in the food intake of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), fed singly or in groups
Each animal may be assumed to possess a unique
combination of physiological traits (Bennett, 1987).
However, there is little information on thc effects of
interindividual variation in fish (Cui and Liu, 1990).
Individual differences in competitive ability, aggressiveness
and or size can lead to the establishment of
dominance hierarchies within groups of fish (Metcalfe,
1989; Metcalfe et al., 1989). The variation in
growth rates in groups of fish are rclated to dominance
hierarchies and preferential access to food
resources by dominant individuals (Jenkins, 1969;
Fausch, 1984; Koebele, 1985). Recently, radiography
has been used to measure individual consumption
rates for groups of salmonids and has demonstrated
considerable inter-individual variation in food intake
(Jobling et al., 1989; Carter et al., 1992a; McCarthy
et al., 1992). Two aims of this study were to use
radiography to examine the variation in the food
consumption rate of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon
idellu (Val.), held together and to assess whcther variation
in growth rates could bc explained by variation
in consumption rates. A final aim of this study was
to compare the day to day variation in consumption
rates of grass carp held in a group to thosc held
individually, in terms of the individual meal share, in
order to examine the cffect of endogenous influences
on appetite
Radio-optical orientation of E/S0 galaxies: APM versus FIRST
We searched for extended radio sources in isolated E/S0 galaxies comparing
the FIRST and APM catalogues for a single POSS plate. The 35 most promising
candidates were visually inspected on the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) and on
FIRST images: we find several spirals and interacting galaxies and a few E/S0s
with very weak, marginally extended radio cores. The only double-lobed
(previously known) radio source is a dumbbell. For the rest of the objects, all
hosting small and weak radio sources, the DSS is inadequate to determine
morphological types. Thus a significant increase in sample size will be a major
effort.Comment: 2 pages; no figures; to appear in Proc. "Observational Cosmology with
the New Radio Surveys", eds. M. Bremer, N. Jackson & I. Perez-Fournon, Kluwer
Acad. Pres
Stellar Property Statistics of Massive Halos from Cosmological Hydrodynamics Simulations: Common Kernel Shapes
We study stellar property statistics, including satellite galaxy occupation, of massive halo populations realized by three cosmological hydrodynamics simulations: BAHAMAS + MACSIS, TNG300 of the IllustrisTNG suite, and Magneticum Pathfinder. The simulations incorporate independent sub-grid methods for astrophysical processes with spatial resolutions ranging from to kpc, and each generates samples of or more halos with at redshift . Applying localized, linear regression (LLR), we extract halo mass-conditioned statistics (normalizations, slopes, and intrinsic covariance) for a three-element stellar property vector consisting of: i) , the number of satellite galaxies with stellar mass, within radius of the halo; ii) , the total stellar mass within that radius, and; iii) , the gravitationally-bound stellar mass of the central galaxy within a radius. Scaling parameters for the three properties with halo mass show mild differences among the simulations, in part due to numerical resolution, but there is qualitative agreement on property correlations, with halos having smaller than average central galaxies tending to also have smaller total stellar mass and a larger number of satellite galaxies. Marginalizing over total halo mass, we find the satellite galaxy kernel, to be consistently skewed left, with skewness parameter , while that of is closer to log-normal, in all three simulations. The highest resolution simulations find for the shape of and also that the fractional scatter in total stellar mass is below in halos more massive than
Contribution of anadromous fish to the diet of European catfish in a large river system
Many anadromous fish species, when migrating from the sea to spawn in fresh waters, can potentially be a valuable prey for larger predatory fish, thereby efficiently linking these two ecosystems. Here, we assess the contribution of anadromous fish to the diet of European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a large river system (Garonne, southwestern France) using stable isotope analysis and allis shad (Alosa alosa) as an example of anadromous fish. Allis shad caught in the Garonne had a very distinct marine delta(13)C value, over 8 per thousand higher after lipid extraction compared to the mean delta(13)C value of all other potential freshwater prey fish. The delta(13)C values of European catfish varied considerably between these two extremes and some individuals were clearly specializing on freshwater prey, whereas others specialized on anadromous fish. The mean contribution of anadromous fish to the entire European catfish population was estimated to be between 53% and 65%, depending on the fractionation factor used for delta(13)C
Type IIn supernovae at z ~ 2 from archival data
Supernovae have been confirmed to redshift z ~ 1.7 for type Ia (thermonuclear
detonation of a white dwarf) and to z ~ 0.7 for type II (collapse of the core
of the star). The subclass type IIn supernovae are luminous core-collapse
explosions of massive stars and, unlike other types, are very bright in the
ultraviolet, which should enable them to be found optically at redshifts z ~ 2
and higher. In addition, the interaction of the ejecta with circumstellar
material creates strong, long-lived emission lines that allow spectroscopic
confirmation of many events of this type at z ~ 2 for 3 - 5 years after
explosion. Here we report three spectroscopically confirmed type IIn
supernovae, at redshifts z = 0.808, 2.013 and 2.357, detected in archival data
using a method designed to exploit these properties at z ~ 2. Type IIn
supernovae directly probe the formation of massive stars at high redshift. The
number found to date is consistent with the expectations of a locally measured
stellar initial mass function, but not with an evolving initial mass function
proposed to explain independent observations at low and high redshift.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, includes supplementary informatio
A new intervention for people with borderline personality disorder who are also parents: a pilot study of clinician acceptability
HIV associated thrombocytopenia, misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report
Determining utility values related to malaria and malaria chemoprophylaxis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chemoprophylaxis for travellers' malaria is problematic. Decision modeling may help determine optimal prevention strategies for travellers' malaria. Such models can fully assess effect of drug use and disease on quality of life, and help travellers make informed values based decisions. Such models require utility values reflecting societal preferences over different health states of relevance. To date, there are no published utility values relating to clinical malaria or chemoprophylaxis adverse events.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Utility estimates for health states related to falciparum malaria, sequelae and drug-related adverse events were obtained using a self-administered visual analogue scale in 20 individuals. Utility values for health states related to clinical malaria were obtained from a survey of 11 malaria experts questioned about length of hospital stay or equivalent disability with simple and severe travellers' malaria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The general public (potential travellers), were more tolerant of taking prophylaxis if associated with no or mild AEs and least tolerant of mild sequelae from malaria and severe drug related events. The rating value reported for taking no prophylaxis was quite variable. Tropical medicine specialists estimated a mean hospital stay 3.23 days (range 0.5-4.5 days) for simple and 6.36 days (range 4.5 - 7 days) for severe malaria.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides a benchmark for important utility value estimates for modeling malaria and drug-related outcomes in non-immune travellers.</p
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