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Company ‘Emigration’ and EC Freedom of Establishment: Daily Mail Revisited

Following the ECJ’s recent case law on EC freedom of establishment (the Centros, Überseering and Inspire Art cases), regulatory competition for corporate law within the European Union takes place at an early stage of the incorporation of new companies. In contrast, as regards the ‘moving out’ of companies from the country of incorporation, the ECJ once considered a tax law restriction against the transfer abroad of a company’s administrative seat as compatible with EC freedom of establishment (the Daily Mail case). For years, this decision has been regarded as applicable to all restrictions imposed by countries of incorporation, even the forced liquidation of the ‘emigrating’ company. This paper addresses the question whether EC freedom of establishment really allows Member States to place any limit on the ‘emigration’ of nationally registered companies. It argues that EC freedom of establishment covers the transfer of the administrative seat as well as the transfer of the registered office and, therefore, that the country of incorporation cannot liquidate ‘emigrating’ companies. In addition, it addresses the question whether a new Directive is needed to allow the transfer of a com- pany’s registered office and the identity-preserving company law changes. It argues that such a Directive is necessary to avoid legal uncertainty and to protect the interests of employees, creditors and minority shareholders, among others, who could be detrimentally affected by the ‘emigration’ of national companies

Modelling and control of combustion instabilities with anchored laminar ducted flames

This thesis deals with the derivation of new semi-analytical methods for the modelling of combustion instabilities in anchored laminar flame combustors. In a first part, through an analysis of the motion of the acoustic discontinuity in a ducted flame model, it shows that the movement of the flame induced discontinuity can lead to stability changes. For unstable combustors, it can also affect the amplitude of limit cycle oscillations. In a second part, the problems that are encountered when attempting to obtain the transfer functions for linearly unstable systems from within limit cycle are demonstrated. Indeed, under these circumstances, both the phase and amplitude of the unstable mode need to be corrected. Whilst the correction to the phase can easily be determined, the correction to the gain cannot, supporting the need for robust model based controllers or adaptive control methods which do not require system identification. Lastly, this thesis presents the derivation and implementation of the first asymptotic-based mathematical models which account for the flame motion, hydrodynamic field and acoustic field in an anchored ducted flame setup. This modelling exploits the difference in length scales associated with the flame, hydrodynamic field and acoustic waves. Unlike ducted flame models which omit the hydrodynamic field, this allows us to capture instability mechanisms such as Rayleigh-Taylor, or Darrieus-Landau instabilities, in the context of anchored laminar flames. This is done for two simplified configurations: a weakly conical flame shape, and a conical flame shape case with small mean heat release.Open Acces

Carcinoma epidermóide primário em cisto desmóide de ovário

Carcinoma epidermóide primário em cisto desmóide de ovári

Effects of Melatonin-aided therapy on the Glutathione antioxidant system activity and liver protection

Acute hepatitis results from oxidative stress triggered by hepatotoxic drugs causing liver injury and the activation of caspases cascade. The glutathione antioxidant system protects against reactive oxygen species and mitigates development of these processes. The effectiveness of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, essenthiale, composed of phosphatidyl choline, and melaxen, a melatonin-correcting drug, as hepatoprotectors has been investigated. The variation of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), resulting from the biotransformation of melatonin, and GSH has been measured. The activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3, glutathione antioxidant system, and NADPH-generating enzymes were determined. The aMT6s decreases in patients with drug hepatitis and recovers with administration of mexalen. GSH increased in the presence of the studied hepatoprotectors. Pathologically activated caspase-1 and caspase-3 decreased their activities in the presence of hepatoprotectors with melaxen showing the highest effect. The positive effect of melatonin appears to be related to the suppression of decompensation of the glutathione antioxidant system functions, recovery of liver redox status, and the attenuation of inhibition of the NADPH supply.This work was supported by grant of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists MK- 3133.2011.7. Authors thank to President of Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N. N. Burdenko (Russia), Prof. Igor E. Esaulenko, for advice and suggestions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Black earths from Veneto and Piedmont (Northern Italy): origin, composition and potential use in different painting techniques

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Prognostic factors affecting survival after surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a two-unit experience over 10 years

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract which has only been recently described based on their specific immunohistochemistry and the presence of particular KIT-related mutations which potentially make them targets for tyrosine kinase inhibition. METHODS: Sixty-one patients (29 M; 32 F, median age 60 years; range: 23–86 years) between June 1994 and March 2005, were analyzed from two allied institutions. Patient, tumour, and treatment variables were analyzed to identify factors affecting survival. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients, 55 (90%) underwent complete surgical resection of macroscopic disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate in the 61 patients was 88% and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in the 55 cases completely resected was 75%. Univariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was strongly associated with a better OSrate (p < 0.0001). Likewise, univariate analysis also showed high mitotic count of > 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF was a significant variable in worse prognosis for OS (≤ 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF 95% 5-year OS vs. > 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF 74% 5-year OS, respectively; p = 0.013). On subsequent multivariate analysis, only high mitotic count remained as a significant negative prognostic variable for OS (p = 0.029). Among patients resected for cure, there were 8 recurrences during follow-up. The mean time to recurrence was 21 ± 10 months (range: 4–36 months). Univariate analysis revealed that mitotic count of > 10 mitoses per 50 high power fields, intratumoural necrosis, and pathological tumour size (> 10 cm in maximal diameter) significantly correlated with DFS (p = 0.006, 0.002 and 0.02, respectively), with tumour necrosis and high mitotic count remaining as independent predictive variables affecting prognosis on subsequent multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Most GISTs are resectable with survival principally dependent upon mitotic count and completeness of resection. Future metabolic and genetic analyses will define the role of and resistance to induction or postoperative adjuvant targeted kinase inhibition therapy