Oxford Phase 3 unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: medium-term results of a minimally invasive surgical procedure

PURPOSE: In the last decade, a major increase in the use of and interest in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has developed. The Oxford Phase 3 UKA is implanted with a minimally invasive technique using newly developed instruments. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome of UKA in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee in a high-volume unit. METHODS: Two-hundred and forty-four UKAs were performed with a minimally invasive approach. The median age was 72 (43-91) years. The median follow-up was 4.2 years (range 1-10.4 years). Fourteen patients died, and nine were considered to be lost to follow-up, but all had a well-functioning prosthesis in situ until their last follow-up. Pain, function and health-related quality of life were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using patient- and assessor-based outcome scores, as well as radiographic evidence. RESULTS: The mean Knee Society knee and function scores, WOMAC-scores, Oxford-score and VAS pain and satisfaction all improved. Nine knees required revision. Eleven patients required an additional arthroscopic procedure due to persisting pain secondary to intra-articular pathology, and four patients required manipulation under anaesthesia because of limited range of motion. The 7-year cumulative survival rate of the arthroplasty was 94.4%. A low incidence (21%) of a radiolucent line beneath the tibial component was observed at 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high survival rate of the Oxford Phase 3 UKA. Patient satisfaction and functional performance were also very high. Major complication rate was low; in addition, the incidence of radiolucency under the tibial component, when compared to present literature, was low. When strict indication criteria are followed, excellent, durable, and in our opinion reliable, results can be expected for this procedur

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Genetic correlation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and schizophrenia

A. Palotie on työryhmän Schizophrenia Working Grp Psychiat jäsen.We have previously shown higher-than-expected rates of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting an aetiological relationship between the diseases. Here, we investigate the genetic relationship between ALS and schizophrenia using genome-wide association study data from over 100,000 unique individuals. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we estimate the genetic correlation between ALS and schizophrenia to be 14.3% (7.05-21.6; P = 1 x 10(-4)) with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores explaining up to 0.12% of the variance in ALS (P = 8.4 x 10(-7)). A modest increase in comorbidity of ALS and schizophrenia is expected given these findings (odds ratio 1.08-1.26) but this would require very large studies to observe epidemiologically. We identify five potential novel ALS-associated loci using conditional false discovery rate analysis. It is likely that shared neurobiological mechanisms between these two disorders will engender novel hypotheses in future preclinical and clinical studies.Peer reviewe

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cements

Cement is the ubiquitous material upon which modern civilisation is built, providing long-term strength, impermeability and durability for housing and infrastructure. The fundamental chemical interactions which control the structure and performance of cements have been the subject of intense research for decades, but the complex, crystallographically disordered nature of the key phases which form in hardened cements has raised difficulty in obtaining detailed information about local structure, reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS NMR)spectroscopy can resolve key atomic structural details within these materials and has emerged as a crucial tool in characterising cement structure and properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of multinuclear SS NMR spectroscopy to understand composition–structure–property relationships in cements. This includes anhydrous and hydrated phases in Portland cement, calcium aluminate cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cements, magnesia-based cements, alkali-activated and geopolymer cements and synthetic model systems. Advanced and multidimensional experiments probe 1 H, 13 C, 17 O, 19 F, 23 Na, 25 Mg, 27 Al, 29 Si, 31 P, 33 S, 35 Cl, 39 K and 43 Ca nuclei, to study atomic structure, phase evolution, nanostructural development, reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Thus, the mechanisms controlling the physical properties of cements can now be resolved and understood at an unprecedented and essential level of detail

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Session 1D Restorative Agriculture: Pollinator Corridor Mapping

Pollinator populations are in decline, which is detrimental to ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Communities in Boulder County, Colorado are at the forefront of civic involvement to help restore pollinator habitat. In collaboration with local farms, the non-profit Wildlands Restoration Volunteers (WRV) is interested in expanding pollinator habitat throughout Boulder County. Our research team is utilizing geospatial technology (Esri ArcGIS) to identify potential areas that can be targeted for habitat creation. Ourteam will also produce outreach materials to encourage other farms and households in Boulder County to join PPAN and advocate for pollinator health in their communities

Silver-mediated 18F-labeling of aryl-CF3 and aryl-CHF2 with 18F-fluoride

We report the synthesis of [18F]arylCF3 and [18F]arylCHF2 derivatives from arylCF2Br and arylCHFCl precursors applying a silver-mediated halogen exchange with [18F]fluoride. In the absence of Ag(I)OTf, no reaction takes place at room temperature for both classes of substrates; this result demonstrates the beneficial role of silver(I) as a means to induce 18F-incorporation under very mild conditions

18F-Labeling of Aryl-SCF3, -OCF3and -OCHF2with [18F]Fluoride

We report that halogenophilic silver(I) triflate permits halogen exchange (halex) nucleophilic 18F‐fluorination of aryl‐OCHFCl, ‐OCF2Br and ‐SCF2Br precursors under mild conditions. This AgI‐mediated process allows for the first time access to a range of 18F‐labeled aryl‐OCHF2, ‐OCF3 and ‐SCF3 derivatives, inclusive of [18F]riluzole. The 18F‐labeling of these medicinally important motifs expands the radiochemical space available for PET applications