Boundary layer control for airships

An investigation is summarized of the aerodynamic principle of boundary layer control for nonrigid LTA craft. The project included a wind tunnel test on a BLC body of revolution at zero angle of attack. Theoretical analysis is shown to be in excellent agreement with the test data. Methods are evolved for predicting the boundary layer development on a body of revolution and the suction pumping and propulsive power requirements. These methods are used to predict the performance characteristics of a full-scale airship. The analysis indicates that propulsive power reductions of 15 to 25 percent and endurance improvements of 20 to 40 percent may be realized in employing boundary-layer control to nonrigid airships

Mitigating munitions: The consequences of using technology during counterinsurgency campaigns

American counterinsurgency in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan relied on conventional warfare methods than counterinsurgency warfare methods. These methods proved detrimental to operational success and put members of the military at risk. To find this, I used after-action reports from Vietnam by the 1st Cavalry, 4th Infantry, and 25th Infantry Divisions. I used oral histories by the Veterans History Project and the Cantigny First Division Oral Histories to reveal their experiences while conducting these campaigns. The primary method began in Vietnam with Arc Light (B-52) strikes, artillery strikes, and napalm as preparatory strikes. American units then used search-and-destroy maneuvers to root out the Viet Cong. Not only did these air power methods fail to kill large numbers of Viet Cong, it led to the Viet Cong controlling the population’s support that is so vital to counterinsurgency warfare. During the Global War on Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan, the American military implemented similar methods with negative effects. House-to-house sweeps in Iraq resembled Vietnam’s cat-and-mouse game with insurgents in the jungle. Afghanistan’s mountains granted the insurgency its fluidity, which the U.S. was unable to effectively counter. The only viable solution that the military saw was to continue its reliance on American technological superiority. The ineffective practices in Iraq led to the Surge in 2007. Army General David Petraeus sparked doctrinal and operational change that acknowledged the population and used it to undermine the insurgency. However, the Surge came too late in Afghanistan in 2009 to make a difference. A change in presidential administration in 2008, paired with an exhausted American public that grew warry of the validity of these campaigns, which is the greatest vulnerability of counterinsurgency operations. The Obama administration prosecuted the war in Afghanistan the only way it could realistically do so, through drone warfare. This enabled the killing of insurgents without putting servicemembers at risk. The reversion back to this conventional, traditional mentality from methods like the Surge revealed how the U.S. viewed counterinsurgency warfare

The marker yypothesis: a constructivist theory of language acquisition

This thesis presents a theory of the early stages of first language acquisition. Language is characterised as constituting an instructional environment - diachronic change in language serves to maintain and enhance sources of structural marking which act as salient cues that guide the development of linguistic representations in the child's brain. Language learning is characterised as a constructivist process in which the underlying grammatical representation and modular structure arise out of developmental processes. In particular, I investigate the role of closed-class elements in language which obtain salience through their high occurrence frequency and which serve to both label and segment useful grammatical units. I adopt an inter-disciplinary approach which encompasses analyses of child language and agrammatic speech, psycholinguistic data, the development of a developmental linguistic theory based on the Dependency Grammar formalism, and a number of computational investigations of spoken language corpora. I conclude that language development is highly interactionist and that in trying to understand the processes involved in learning we must begin with the child and not with the end-point of adult linguistic competence

Chemotype of Flores Indonesia’s Ocimum santum and Cimpogon nardus L

A study of the essential oil content in basil (Ocimum sanctum) and red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) originally grown in Flores island has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the chemotype of the essential oils obtained over stahl distillation using GC-MS. The Ocimum mainly consisted of 55% eugenol following by minor trans-alfa-bergometena, patchulana, and linalool. Meanwhile, the chemotype of the red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L. rendle) were citronellol (22%), citronella, cyclohexamethanol, and viridiflorol

Carryover of scanning behaviour affects upright face recognition differently to inverted face recognition.

Face perception is characterized by a distinct scanpath. While eye movements are considered functional, there has not been direct evidence that disrupting this scanpath affects face recognition performance. The present experiment investigated the influence of an irrelevant letter-search task (with letter strings arranged horizontally, vertically, or randomly) on the subsequent scanning strategies in processing upright and inverted famous faces. Participants’ response time to identify the face and the direction of their eye movements were recorded. The orientation of the letter search influenced saccadic direction when viewing the face images, such that a direct carryover-effect was observed. Following a vertically oriented letter-search task, the recognition of famous faces was slower and less accurate for upright faces, and faster for inverted faces. These results extend the carryover findings of Thompson and Crundall into a novel domain. Crucially they also indicate that upright and inverted faces are better processed by different eye movements, highlighting the importance of scanpaths in face recognition

Exploring the contribution of motivation and experience in the post-pubescent own-gender bias in face recognition

The own-gender bias in face recognition has been hypothesised to be the result of extensive experience with own-gender faces, coupled with a motivation to process own-group faces more deeply than other-group faces. We test the effect of experience and motivation in four experiments employing standard old/new recognition paradigms. In Experiment 1, no own-gender recognition bias was observed following an attractiveness-rating encoding task regardless of school type (single- or mixed-sex). Experiment 2, which used a distinctiveness-rating encoding task, did find a significant own-gender bias for all groups of participants. Experiment 3 on adults found that the own-gender bias was not affected by self-reported contact with the other-gender, but the encoding task did moderate the size of the bias. Experiment 4 revealed that participants with an own-gender sexual orientation showed a stronger own-gender bias. These results indicate that motivational factors influence the own-gender bias whereas no evidence was found for perceptual experience

Removing the own-race bias in face recognition by attentional shift using fixation crosses to diagnostic features: An eye-tracking study

Hills and Lewis (2011) have demonstrated that the own-race bias in face recognition can be reduced or even removed by guiding participants' attention and potentially eye movements to the most diagnostic visual features. Using the same old/new recognition paradigm as Hills and Lewis, we recorded Black and White participants' eye movements whilst viewing Black and White faces following fixation crosses that preceded the bridge of the nose (between the eyes) or the tip of the nose. White faces were more accurately recognized when following high fixation crosses (that preceded the bridge of the nose) than when following low fixation crosses. The converse was true for Black faces. These effects were independent of participant race. The fixation crosses attracted the first fixation but had less effect on other eye-tracking measures. Furthermore, the location of the first fixation was predictive of recognition accuracy. These results are consistent with an attentional allocation model of the own-race bias in face recognition and highlight the importance of the first fixation for face perception (cf. Hsiao & Cottrell, 2008)

Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di kota Manado terhadap obat halal

ABSTRAK: Obat merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Obat tidak cukup efektif dan aman bagi tubuh, namun harus halal (diperbolehkan oleh syar’iat) untuk konsumen muslim. Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki penduduk muslim terbesar di dunia dengan jumlah 87,18% dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan masyarakat muslim, dibuat regulasi UU JPH yang menjamin seluruh produk obat yang beredar di Indonesia harus dijamin kehalalannya. Namun masih terdapat kasus obat yang beredar di Indonesia belum bersertifikat halal. Sehingga diperlukan perilaku masyarakat muslim yang baik dalam mengonsumsi obat. Menurut Lawrence Green pengetahuan dan sikap memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Manado terhadap obat halal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan via online menggunakan Google Form. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Manado. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Manado terhadap obat halal (sig. 0,00 < 0,05) dengan keeratan sedang. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri negeri di Kota Manado terhadap obat halal (sig. 0,00 < 0,05) dengan keeratan rendah. Terdapat hubungan antara sikap dan perilaku mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Manado terhadap obat halal (sig. 0,00 < 0,05) dengan keeratan rendah. Terakhir, terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap secara simultan terhadap perilaku mahasiswa muslim di empat perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Manado terhadap obat halal (sig. 0,00 < 0,05) dengan keeratan sedang. ABSTRACT: Medicine is a very important thing in human life. Medicine not effective enough and safe for the body but must be halal (permitted by shari’a) for Muslim consumers. Indonesia as a country that has the largest Muslim population in the world with a total of 87,18% of the total population of Indonesia. To facilitate the needs of the Muslim community, a regulation on the JPH Law was made which guarantees that all medicinal products circulating in Indonesia must be guaranteed to be halal. However, there are still cases of medicine circulating in Indonesia that have not been certified halal. It is necessary to behave in a good Muslim community in taking medicine. According to Lawrence Green knowledge, attitudes have a correlation with behavior. The purpose of this study was to find out how the correlation between knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Muslim students at four state universities in Manado City towards halal medicine. The research method used is an analytical observational study with quantitative approach. Research data collection was carried out using a questionnaire distributed via online using Google Form. The population of this study were students at four universities in Manado City. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. The results of this study indicate that there is a correlation between knowledge and attitudes of Muslim students in four state universities in Manado towards halal medicines sig. (0.00 < 0.05) with moderate positive correlation. There is a correlation between knowledge and behavior of Muslim students in four state universities in Manado City towards halal medicines sig. (0.00 < 0.05) with low positive correlation. There is a correlation between attitudes and behavior of Muslim students in four states universities in Manado City towards halal medicines sig. (0.00 < 0.05) with low positive correlation. Finally, there is a simultaneous correlation between knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of Muslim students in four state universities in Manado City towards halal medicines sig. (0.00 < 0.05) with moderate positive correlation. مستخلص البحث: يعتبر الدواء شيئا مهما في حياة الإنسان. لا تكفي الأدوية بفعاليته وأمنة للجسم فحسب، ولكن يجب أن تكون حلالا (تبيحها الشريعة) للمستهلكين المسلمين. إندونيسيا كأكبر دولة المسلمين في العالم من حيث تعدد السكان بإجمالي 87.18٪ من إجمالي سكان إندونيسيا. لتسهيل احتياجات المجتمع المسلم، وُضِع لائحة القانون اليابان للصحة حيث تضمن أن جميع الأدوية المنتشرة في إندونيسيا يجب تضمين عن حلالها. لكن، لا تزال هنالك الحالات بوجود الأدوية المنتشرة في إندونيسيا التي لم يتم التصديق على أنها حلال. لذلك يحناج سلوك المجتمع المسلم الجيد في استهلاك الدواء. وفقًا للورنس جرين، فإن المعرفة والموقف لهما العلاقة بالسلوك. كان الهدف لهذا البحث هو لمعرفة العلاقة بين المعرفة والموقف والسلوك الطلاب المسلمين في أربع جامعات حكومية في مدينة مانادو تجاه الأدوية الحلال. منهج البحث المستخدم هو دراسة تحليلية لملاحظية بطريقة الكمية. تم جمع البيانات البحثية باستخدام استبيان الموزع عبر الإنترنت باستخدام نموذج جوجيل. أخذ العينات باستخدام أخذ العينات الهادف من 100 المستجيبين. تشير نتائج هذا البجث إلى أن هناك العلاقة بين المعرفة والسلوك الطلاب المسلمين في أربع جامعات حكومية في مدينة مانادو تجاه الدواء الحلال (علامة 0.00 <0.05) مع التقارب المعتدل. هناك العلاقة بين المعرفة والسلوك الطلاب المسلمين في أربع جامعات حكومية في مدينة مانادو تجاه الأدوية الحلال (علامة 0.00 <0.05) تدل على تقارب منخفض. هناك العلاقة بين الموقف والسلوك الطلاب المسلمين في أربع جامعات حكومية في مدينة مانادو نحو الأدوية الحلال (علامة 0.00 <0.05) مع تقارب منخفض. أخيرا، توجد العلاقة متزامنة بين المعرفة والموقف تجاه سلوك الطلاب المسلمين في أربع جامعات حكومية في مدينة مانادو تجاه الأدوية الحلال (علامة 0.00 <0.05) بالتقارب المعتدل

Longitudinal relaxation and thermoactivation of quantum superparamagnets

The relaxation mechanisms of a quantum nanomagnet are discussed in the frame of linear response theory. We use a spin Hamiltonian with a uniaxial potential barrier plus a Zeeman term. The spin, having arbitrary $S$, is coupled to a bosonic environment. From the eigenstructure of the relaxation matrix, we identify two main mechanisms, namely, thermal activation over the barrier, with a time scale \eival_1^{-1}, and a faster dynamics inside the potential wells, with characteristic time \eivalW^{-1}. This allows to introduce a simple analytical formula for the response, which agrees well with the exact numerical results, and cover experiments even under moderate to strong fields in the superparamagnetic range. In passing, we generalize known classical results for a number of quantities (e.g., integral relaxation times, initial decay time, Kramers rate), results that are recovered in the limit $S\to\infty$.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Evidence for internal field in graphite: A conduction electron spin resonance study

We report conduction electron spin resonance measurements performed on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite samples between 10 K and 300 K using S (f = 4 GHz), X (f = 9.4 GHz), and Q (f = 34.4 GHz) microwave bands for the external dc-magnetic field applied parallel (H || c) and perpendicular (H perp c) to the sample hexagonal c-axis. The results obtained in the H || c geometry are interpreted in terms of the presence of an effective internal ferromagnetic-like field Heff-int(T,H) that increases as the temperature decreases and the applied dc-magnetic field increases. We associate the occurrence of the Heff-int(T,H) with the field-induced metal-insulator transition in graphite and discuss its origin in the light of relevant theoretical models.Comment: 10 pages (tex), 5 figures (ps