Enveloped and non-enveloped viral-like particles in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes

Electron microscopy is routinely used to identify viral infections in protozoan parasites. These viruses have been described as non-enveloped and icosahedral structures with a diameter of 30-60 nm. Most of them are classified within the non-segmented dsRNA Totiviridae family. We observed virus-like particles (VLPs) through transmission electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes grown in cultures. Clusters of electrodense enveloped VLPs having a diameter of 48 nm were also observed. These clusters appear to have been released from distended Golgi cisternae. Furthermore, a paracrystalline array of electrodense, non-enveloped VLPs (with a diameter of 32 nm) were found in distended Golgi cisternae or as smaller clusters at a distance from the RE or Golgi. We cannot rule out that the 48 nm enveloped VLPs belong to the ssRNA Flaviviridae family because they are within its size range. The localization of enveloped VLPs is consistent with the replication strategy of these viruses that transit through the Golgi to be released at the cell surface. Due to the size and shape of the 32 nm non-enveloped VLPs, we propose that they belong to the dsRNA Totiviridae family. This is the first description of cytoplasmic enveloped and non-enveloped VLPs in T. cruzi epimastigotes

Detección del virus de la diarrea viral bovina en artiodáctilos silvestres en cautiverio en México

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that infects a broad range of wild and domestic artiodactyls. Pestiviruses can cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive disorders that generate substantial losses in the livestock industry. Sharing of water and food sources between wild and domestic populations increases the risk of interspecies pestivirus transmission. Monitoring pestivirus prevalence in both population types is vital. No data is currently available on pestivirus genetic diversity in wild artiodactyl populations in Mexico. Isolation and genetic analysis were done for BVDV from serum samples collected from 371 captive wild artiodactyls in four regions in central and eastern Mexico. Samples from two water buffaloes and one fallow deer were positive for BVDV by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified sequences placed them in BVDV subgenotype 1b. A cytopathic strain was isolated from the deer sample. This is the first report of bovine viral diarrhea virus in wild artiodactyls in Mexico and the first to identify the virus subtype.El virus de la diarrea viral bovina pertenece al género Pestivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. Los pestivirus infectan a un extenso rango de artiodáctilos, silvestres y domésticos, en los cuales ocasionan una gran variedad de desórdenes respiratorios, gastrointestinales y reproductivos que derivan en pérdidas relevantes para la industria pecuaria. El uso compartido de fuentes de agua y alimento entre los ambientes naturales y pecuarios incrementa el contacto directo e indirecto entre animales domésticos y silvestres, lo que aumenta el riesgo de transmisión interespecie de pestivirus. Por este motivo, la vigilancia de enfermedades causadas por pestivirus debería considerar la prevalencia de estos patógenos en animales silvestres. Actualmente se desconoce la diversidad genética de pestivirus en poblaciones silvestres en México. Este grupo de trabajo recolectó muestras de suero de 371 artiodáctilos silvestres en cautiverio en cuatro regiones de cuatro estados de México que incluyen a Veracruz, Querétaro, el Estado de México y la Ciudad de México. Dos muestras de suero de búfalas de agua y una muestra de suero de una gama fueron positivas al virus de la diarrea viral bovina mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción reversa. El análisis filogenético de las secuencias amplificadas las agrupó dentro del subgenotipo 1b del virus de la diarrea viral bovina. Además, se logró el aislamiento de un virus citopático a partir de la muestra de suero de la gama. Este estudio constituye el primer reporte del virus de la diarrea viral bovina en artiodáctilos silvestres en México

En la escuela si esta mi combo : relatos de docentes sobre experiencias de salud mental

Esta obra reúne los relatos de docentes y orientadores escolares que asumieron el reto de acompañar a sus estudiantes e instituciones en la búsqueda de un buen vivir. En ellos nos cuentan las dudas, certezas, temores, desilusiones y satisfacciones que tuvieron a la hora de enfrentar las complejas situaciones en las que sus estudiantes se veían envueltos y cómo idearon o encontraron estrategias y recursos para ayudar a resolverlas desde la creatividad, el conocimiento o la intuición, pero, sobre todo, a partir de un firme deseo de ayudar. Las historias fueron recopiladas en diferentes regiones del país durante el desarrollo del Diplomado virtual Orientando hacia la Salud Mental en Instituciones Educativas, ofrecido en el marco del Programa de Intervenciones en Salud Mental, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio, con apoyo de Colciencias, con la intención de difundir las valiosas experiencias que sus participantes compartieron espontáneamente y de esa manera, continuar promoviendo la reflexión sobre la importancia de la salud mental en el ámbito escolar.Bogot

High-throughput profiling of caenorhabditis elegans starvation-responsive microRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression by interfering with the stability and translation of mRNAs. Their expression is regulated during development, under a wide variety of stress conditions and in several pathological processes. In nature, animals often face feast or famine conditions. We observed that subjecting early L4 larvae from Caenorhabditis elegans to a 12-hr starvation period produced worms that are thinner and shorter than well-fed animals, with a decreased lipid accumulation, diminished progeny, reduced gonad size, and an increased lifespan. Our objective was to identify which of the 302 known miRNAs of C. elegans changed their expression under starvation conditions as compared to well-fed worms by means of deep sequencing in early L4 larvae. Our results indicate that 13 miRNAs (miR-34-3p, the family of miR-35-3p to miR-41-3p, miR-39-5p, miR-41-5p, miR-240-5p, miR-246-3p and miR-4813-5p) were upregulated, while 2 miRNAs (let-7-3p and miR-85-5p) were downregulated in 12-hr starved vs. well-fed early L4 larvae. Some of the predicted targets of the miRNAs that changed their expression in starvation conditions are involved in metabolic or developmental process. In particular, miRNAs of the miR-35 family were upregulated 6-20 fold upon starvation. Additionally, we showed that the expression of gld-1, important in oogenesis, a validated target of miR-35-3p, was downregulated when the expression of miR-35-3p was upregulated. The expression of another reported target, the cell cycle regulator lin-23, was unchanged during starvation. This study represents a starting point for a more comprehensive understanding of the role of miRNAs during starvation in C. elegans

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza