169 research outputs found
Efficacy of Bacillus clausii spores in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children: a pilot study
Probiotic milk has been previously demonstrated to reduce the number of respiratory infections (RI) among children attending day care centres. Thus, this pilot study was aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of 3 month treatment with Bacillus clausii in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in children. Eighty children with RRI were studied: 40 of them were randomly treated with B. clausii for 3 months, and followed up for further 3 months; 40 were included in the control group during the same period. Children treated with B. clausii had shorter duration of RI in comparison with the control group both during the treatment phase (mean 11.7 days vs 14.37; p=0.037) and the follow-up period (mean 6.6 days vs 10.92; p=0.049). This effect was evident also in allergic children during the follow-up. In conclusion, this pilot study provides the first preliminary evidence that B. clausii may exert a significant and persistent impact on RI in children and is safe and well tolerated
Fetal Tricuspid Regurgitation in the First Trimester as a Screening Marker for Congenital Heart Defects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
I farmaci biologici nellâasma del bambino
I farmaci biologici hanno recentemente rivoluzionato lâapproccio terapeutico al paziente con asma grave. Attraverso lâinibizione di precisi target molecolari implicati nella patogenesi della malattia asmatica, questi farmaci trovano unâinnovativa applicazione nellâambito della medicina moderna che, sempre piĂč spesso, si indirizza verso un trattamento personalizzato sulla base delle specifiche caratteristiche infiammatorie (endotipi con relativi biomarcatori) che la patologia presenta nel singolo paziente. Tra i farmaci biologici disponibili per lâetĂ pediatrica, ad oggi omalizumab Ăš il farmaco di scelta per la terapia aggiuntiva dellâasma grave, con significative evidenze di efficacia e sicurezza e con maggiore esperienza clinica in âreal lifeâ. Le nuove molecole, come mepolizumab, reslizumab e dupilumab, sono attualmente in fase di sperimentazione clinica per lâetĂ pediatrica, sulla base dei risultati positivi ottenuti negli studi sulla popolazione adulta
Impatto del microbioma (polmonare e intestinale) sullâasma
Lâasma Ăš una delle patologie croniche piĂč diffuse e rappresenta la malattia respiratoria cronica piĂč frequente nellâetĂ pediatrica. Sono sempre piĂč numerosi gli studi volti a individuare delle strategie preventive per ridurne lâincidenza: negli ultimi decenni Ăš stato dimostrato che esiste una âfinestraâ temporale che si apre giĂ durante la vita intrauterina e nella quale vari fattori ambientali possono interagire con il substrato genetico per favorire lâinsorgenza dellâasma e, piĂč in generale, delle malattie allergiche. Negli ultimi anni Ăš stato ampiamente studiato il ruolo del microbioma intestinale dimostrandone la capacitĂ di modulare la risposta immunitaria. Una disbiosi intestinale in epoca precoce, con sbilanciamento della composizione del microbioma a favore di Escherichia coli e Clostridium difficile e a discapito dei Bifidobacteria, puĂČ predisporre allo sviluppo delle allergopatie. PiĂč recentemente Ăš stato dimostrato che esiste un microbioma anche a livello delle vie aeree inferiori, la cui composizione puĂČ essere influenzata dalle infezioni virali e che, nei soggetti asmatici, Ăš caratterizzata dalla prevalenza del phylum Proteobacteria. Non Ăš stato ancora dimostrato se sia possibile ridurre lâinsorgenza dellâasma agendo sul microbioma, mentre Ăš necessario tenere a mente la necessitĂ di ridurre lâimpiego degli antibiotici per limitare le interferenze sul microbioma, soprattutto nei neonati e nei lattanti
Il link asma-obesitĂ : aspetti patogenetici, clinico-funzionali e diagnostico-terapeutici
Lâasma e lâobesitĂ sono considerate un problema primario di salute pubblica dellâetĂ infantile, che sta assumendo proporzioni globalmente âepidemicheâ. Diversi studi epidemiologici hanno chiaramente evidenziato la presenza di unâassociazione tra le due patologie. Tale complessa interazione patogenetica vede coinvolti fattori genetici, di sviluppo, di funzione
polmonare, immunologici e comportamentali; alcuni di essi sono ad oggi ancora poco studiati e conosciuti. Per tale motivo, non Ăš possibile identificare un meccanismo prevalente sugli altri che sia alla base della relazione causale tra le due patologie. Il crescente interesse scientifico nei confronti dellâassociazione tra asma e obesitĂ ha contribuito a delineare diversi fenotipi di patologia presenti nelle varie epoche della vita. La caratterizzazione clinica dei soggetti asmatici obesi Ăš presupposto fondamentale per identificare terapie mirate a raggiungere il controllo dellâasma e contemporaneamente a ridurre il peso del soggetto prevenendo le complicanze legate allâobesitĂ
ComorbiditĂ nellâasma grave pediatrico
Asthma comorbidities frequently cause adverse outcomes, such as poor asthma control, frequent asthma attacks, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare costs. Comorbidities are well-known treatable traits whose proper management can help achieve optimal asthma control. Although multimorbidity is frequent among asthmatics, comorbidities are still a potential cause of misdiagnosis and under or overtreatments, and little is known about their impact on severe pediatric asthma.
Over the years, growing scientific evidence has pointed to the existence of a clear epidemiological correlation between asthma and its comorbidities and of possible common pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for a mutual bi-directional influence between the diseases, with sometimes the possibility of describing distinct asthma phenotypes. In this light, the appropriate management of asthma comorbidities could be crucial to propose personalized or adjunctive therapies of apparent efficacy in patients with severe asthma
Search for Third Generation Vector Leptoquarks in p anti-p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
We describe a search for a third generation vector leptoquark (VLQ3) that
decays to a b quark and tau lepton using the CDF II detector and 322 pb^(-1) of
integrated luminosity from the Fermilab Tevatron. Vector leptoquarks have been
proposed in many extensions of the standard model (SM). Observing a number of
events in agreement with SM expectations, assuming Yang-Mills (minimal)
couplings, we obtain the most stringent upper limit on the VLQ3 pair production
cross section of 344 fb (493 fb) and lower limit on the VLQ3 mass of 317
GeV/c^2 (251 GeV/c^2) at 95% C.L.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR
Management of intra-abdominal infections : recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference
This paper reports on the consensus conference on the management of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) which was held on July 23, 2016, in Dublin, Ireland, as a part of the annual World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) meeting. This document covers all aspects of the management of IAIs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendation is used, and this document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference findings.Peer reviewe
Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in âs = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at âs = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements
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