El balneario de Paracuellos del Jiloca (Zaragoza), sus características geológicas e hidrogeológicas

El Balneario de Paracuellos del Jiloca se ubica en la provincia de Zaragoza. Geológicamente se localiza en la cuenca de Calatayud rellena con sedimentos detríticos y evaporíticos del Mioceno. Desde el punto de vista hidrogeológico el Balneario está alimentado por unos pequeños manantiales de baja temperatura, situados cerca del contacto entre una terraza aluvial del río Jiloca y los yesos miocenos karstificados, cuya recarga procede fundamentalmente de la infiltración del agua de lluvia en los yesos de la serie miocena. El caudal de los manantiales es reducido, de entre 2 a 3 litros por segundo, y aunque la facies hidroquímica es sulfatada cálcica, posee una serie de aniones representativos de alta salinidad (cloruros en torno a 5000 mg/L)

Análisis sobre la normativa de las aguas minero-medicinales. Posibles tratamientos

The mineral waters have been a part of our lives for many centuries, since they are believe to be beneficial and to have therapeutic properties for the human health. This fact makes a key issue to provide an analyses od the current legislation on this issue ( Royal Decree-Law 743/1928, April 25th, that aproves the statute on exploitation of spring of mineral and medicinal water; Mining Law of 1973 and its regulations), in order to determine the treatments that may be applied to these watersm meanly in the case of Legionella appearance, or as preventive maesure of it. The results of this analysis shows that there is no limitation or prohibition in the treatments to what they may be subjected, as long as their physico-chemical characteristic remains altered. Contamination by Legionella bacterium, is nowadays an issue of concern, and that is reason why Public Health Authority has established the quidelines to apply for spas in order to avoid or fight a possible outbreak.Las aguas minero-medicinales han estado y están presentes en nuestras vidas desde épocas remotas hasta la actualidad, ya que a las mismas se le atribuyen propiedades terapéuticas beneficiosas para el organismo humano. Este hecho, hace que sea trascendente un análisis de la legislación vigente en esta materia (El Real Decreto-Ley de 743/1928, de 25 de abril, por el que se aprueba el Estatuto sobre la explotación de manantiales de aguas minero-medicinales; Ley de Minas de 1973 y el Reglamento que la desarrolla), para determinar los posibles tratamientos a que pueden ser sometidas estas aguas, especialmente en el caso de aparición de la Legionella, o como medida preventiva de la misma. De las diferentes normativas, se deduce que no existe limitación o prohibición alguna en los tratamientos a los que pueden estar sujetas, siempre y cuando no se alteren las características del agua y sus efectos. La Legionella, constituye un nuestros días un motivo de preocupación, por la que Sanidad ha establecido, las pautas a seguir por los establecimientos balnearios para evitar o combatir un posible brote

Nuevos datos sobre la estratigrafía de subsuelo del acuífero de Torrevieja (Alicante): implicaciones en el modelo conceptual de funcionamiento.

El análisis estratigráfico de sondeos de investigación realizados en el acuifera de Torrevieja pone de manifiesto la coincidencia de las unidades hidrogeológicas con las estratigráficas y permite una mayor precisión en la definición de las primeras al poder constatar que las variaciones internas dentro de las unidades estratigráficas tienen reflejo en la geometria de los acuiferos y los parámetros hidrogeológicos. Asi mismo, la interpretación genética de los sedimentos y la caracterización de las discontinuidades que los limitan permiten realizar una extrapolación predictiva de las caracteristicas geológicas de subsuelo que pueden ser aplicadas a la modelización de las unidades hidrogeológicas

Premis, càstigs i educació

Els autors defensen que el costum i la llei confi guren la legalitat i la moralitat socials i determinen el nostre comportament, alhora que qüestionen els resultats 'esperats' de l'aplicació mecànica dels premis i càstigs en educació. Distingeixen el control extern 'supervisió' i l'intern 'motivació' en l'esdevenir dels comportaments analitzats, en relació a l'aplicació d'aquelles sancions i tot seguit aborden l'estudi monogràfi c des del conductisme, des del cognitivisme i des de la perspectiva moral. Ara aborden la complexitat contextual de la intervenció pedagògica i les alternatives possibles des dels plantejaments actitudinals dels subjectes, per concloure que els premis tenen la fi nalitat general de reforçar una situació que es considera desitjable, apel·lant 'també' a la dimensió afectiva i destacant les bases psicològiques de l'educació: la motivació i la reconducció de situacions no desitjables, sempre amb afecte, sense rancúnia i amb sentit optimitzador

Spatial variability of physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in carbonate aquifers of Haouz (Tetouan, Northern Morocco)

La cadena montañosa del Haouz, situada entre las ciudades de Ceuta y Tetuán, con una superficie superior a los 90 km2, está constituida por una serie de acuíferos kársticos, fundamentalmente dolomíticos. Estos acuíferos se caracterizan por una fuerte compartimentación consecuencia de una estructura en escamas afectada, a su vez, por importantes fracturas trasversales. En este trabajo se presenta una primera evaluación de su funcionamiento hidrogeológico así como de la variabilidad espacial de las características fisico- químicas de sus aguas subterráneasThe Haouz mountain range, situated in the north of Morocco, between the cities of Ceuta and Tetouan, has a surface area greater than 90 km2 and consists of karst aquifers mainly dolomitic. These aquifers are characterized by a thrust nappes structure which gives rise to a marked partitioning of the aquifers. A first approach on its hydrogeological functioning and spatial variability of the physical-chemical characteristics of groundwater is presented in this pape

Estimation of the transit time in a coastal detrital aquifer maintaining continuous pumping, Andarax river delta (Almeria)

Durante seis meses, se han realizado análisis de parámetros físico-químicos en muestras tomadas en un pozo de bombeo y dos piezómetros próximos a la costa. Estos análisis han sido comparados con los resultados obtenidos a partir del agua de mar, con el fin de caracterizar la intrusión marina y estimar el tiempo de tránsito del agua subterránea en el acuífero. Por otra parte, se ha realizado una prueba de trazador en el área para apoyar a los datos observados. Ambas técnicas indican un tiempo de tránsito aproximado de una semana, para recorrer un trayecto de 23 m a lo largo del acuíferoIt has been carried out the analysis of physicochemical parameters of samples taken in a pumping well and two piezometers next to the coast during six months. These analyses have been compared with the results obtained from seawater, with purpose to characterize the marine intrusion and to estimate the transit time of groundwater in the aquifer. Moreover a tracer test has been realized in this area to support the observed data. Both techniques would indicate a transit time of groundwater travelling 23 m into the aquifer around a wee

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe