141 research outputs found
Various Compressed Sensing Set-Ups Evaluated Against Shannon Sampling Under Constraint of Constant Illumination
Under the constraint of constant illumination, an information criterion is
formulated for the Fisher information that compressed sensing measurements in
optical and transmission electron microscopy contain about the underlying
parameters. Since this approach requires prior knowledge of the signal's
support in the sparse basis, we develop a heuristic quantity, the detective
quantum efficiency (DQE), that tracks this information criterion well without
this knowledge. It is shown that for the investigated choice of sensing
matrices, and in the absence of read-out noise, i.e. with only Poisson noise
present, compressed sensing does not raise the amount of Fisher information in
the recordings above that of Shannon sampling. Furthermore, enabled by the
DQE's analytical tractability, the experimental designs are optimized by
finding out the optimal fraction of on-pixels as a function of dose and
read-out noise. Finally, we introduce a regularization and demonstrate, through
simulations and experiment, that it yields reconstructions attaining minimum
mean squared error at experimental settings predicted by the DQE as optimal.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures. New Monte Carlo simulations in Figure 13
showing the behavior of the single-pixel camera under various magnitudes of
read-out nois
Identification of Neural Mechanisms in First Single-Sweep Analysis in oVEMPs and Novel Normative Data
Background: Bone-conducted (BC) VEMPs provide important tools for measuring otolith
function. However, two major drawbacks of this method are encountered in clinical practice—small
n10 amplitude and averaging technique. In this study, we present the results of a new VEMP setup
measuring technique combined with a novel single-sweep analysis. Methods: The study included
BC oVEMP data from 92 participants for the evaluation of normative data using a novel analysis
technique. For evaluating test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used.
Results: We found significant n10 amplitude differences in single-sweep analyses after the first and
second measurements. Thereby, mathematical analyses of the head movement did not show any
differences in the first or second measurements. The normative n10 amplitude was 20.66 µV with
an asymmetric ratio (AR) of 7%. The new value of late shift difference (LSD) was 0.01 ms. The test
retest-reliability showed good to excellent ICC results in 9 out of 10 measurements. Conclusions:
Our results support a phenomenon in single-sweep analysis of the first stimuli independent of head
movement and signal morphology. Furthermore, the values obtained with the new measurement
method appear to be more sensitive and may allow an extended diagnostic range due to the new
parameter LSD
A Tale of Two Sites: On Defining the Carrier Concentration in Garnet‐Based Ionic Conductors for Advanced Li Batteries
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111906/1/aenm201500096.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111906/2/aenm201500096-sup-0001-S1.pd
Nasal Colonization of Humans with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 with and without Exposure to Pigs
Background: Studies in several European countries and in North America revealed a frequent nasal colonization of livestock with MRSA CC398 and also in humans with direct professional exposure to colonized animals. The study presented here addresses the question of further transmission to non exposed humans. Methods: After selecting 47 farms with colonized pigs in different regions of Germany we sampled the nares of 113 humans working daily with pigs and of their 116 non exposed family members. The same was performed in 18 veterinarians attending pig farms and in 44 of their non exposed family members. For investigating transmission beyond families we samples the nares of 462 pupils attending a secondary school in a high density pig farming area. MRSA were detected by direct culture on selective agar. The isolates were typed by means of spa-sequence typing and classification of SCCmec elements. For attribution of spa sequence types to clonal lineages as defined by multi locus sequence typing we used the BURP algorithm. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution assay. Results: At the farms investigated 86% of humans exposed and only 4.3% of their family members were found to carry MRSA exhibiting spa-types corresponding to clonal complex CC398. Nasal colonization was also found in 45% of veterinarians caring for pig farms and in 9% of their non exposed family members. Multivariate analysis revealed that antibiotic usage prior to sampling beard no risk with respect to colonization. From 462 pupils only 3 were found colonized, all 3 were living on pig farms. Conclusion: These results indicate that so far the dissemination of MRSA CC398 to non exposed humans is infrequent and probably does not reach beyond familial communities
The Public Repository of Xenografts enables discovery and randomized phase II-like trials in mice
More than 90% of drugs with preclinical activity fail in human trials, largely due to insufficient efficacy. We hypothesized that adequately powered trials of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice could efficiently define therapeutic activity across heterogeneous tumors. To address this hypothesis, we established a large, publicly available repository of well-characterized leukemia and lymphoma PDXs that undergo orthotopic engraftment, called the Public Repository of Xenografts (PRoXe). PRoXe includes all de-identified information relevant to the primary specimens and the PDXs derived from them. Using this repository, we demonstrate that large studies of acute leukemia PDXs that mimic human randomized clinical trials can characterize drug efficacy and generate transcriptional, functional, and proteomic biomarkers in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory disease
Ghrelin
This work was supported by grants from the NIH (DP2DK105570-01 and
2P30DK046200 to MLA, DK21397 to HJG, K01DK098319 to KMH, K01MH091222 to
LH, DK093848 to RJS, R01DK082590 to LS, R01DK097550 to JT, RO1 DK 076037 to
MOT, R01DA024680 and R01MH085298 to JMZ, R01AG019230 and R01AG029740
to RGS) The Wellcome Trust (MK), Science Foundation Ireland (12/YI/B2480 to CWL),
the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (MHT), the Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung
(MHT), the Helmholtz Alliance ICEMED e Imaging and Curing
Environmental Metabolic Diseases, through the Initiative and Networking Fund of the
Helmholtz Association (MHT), and the Helmholtz cross-program topic “Metabolic
Dysfunction” (MHT). Allan Geliebter was sponsored by NIH grants R01DK80153;
R01DK074046; R03DK068603; P30DK26687
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