,,Kosten der Kleinheit" und die Föderalismusdebatte in der Schweiz

This article discusses the smallness of subsidiary jurisdictions as a third dimension of centrality, besides vertical centrality and fragmentation (horizontal centrality). A panel analysis concerning all 26 Swiss cantons (from 1990 to 2003) shows that public expenditure per capita increases with the number of inhabitants of a canton. This holds for the aggregate expenditure level and for six expenditure categories of the Government Finance Statistics. The positive elasticity of per capita expenditure with respect to population size can be understood as an indicator for increasing government failure in jurisdictions with bigger population siz

A Note on Intertemporal Fiscal Competition and Redistribution

This paper studies fiscal competition among jurisdictions in a dynamic framework, where the degree of mobility of private capital across jurisdictions boundaries is perfect. The optimal tax on mobile capital is a source tax that taxes away factor rents. Further we show that taxation of mobile capital can redistribute income in favor of the immobile factor labor. This is because the factor rents generated by public inputs and appropriated by mobile capital exceed the efficient level of public expenditure for investment

Should mobile capital pay for public infrastructure investment?

The paper contributes to the discussion of fiscal competition with infrastructure goods. We explicitly focus on the costs of providing public infrastructure capital that appear in the public budget as investment. Thus we analyse the problem in a dynamic framework. Public infrastructure is considered as a marginal product complement to private capital. A central result of the model is that the fact that public capital is a complement to private capital, so that an increase in the supply of public capital ceteris paribus improves the marginal productivity of private capital, cannot be used as an argument to support a source tax. The so-called indirect productivity effect on private capital induced by public inputs does not justify the taxation of mobile capital. Rather, the efficiency of a source tax on mobile capital income depends on the question of whether or not the public input generates a factor rent to private capita

Eine effektive Alternative zur Leverage Ratio

Nach den Erfahrungen der Finanzkrise scheint es angebracht, in der Bankenaufsicht ein Instrument zu implementieren, das das Finanzmarktaufsichtssystem gegen potentielle Fehlleistungen bei der Anwendung risikogewichteter Eigenmittelvorschriften absichert. Die Vertreter der G-20-Länder haben deshalb im September 2009 die Einführung einer Leverage Ratio gefordert. Für die Schweizer Großbanken hat die Eidgenössische Finanzmarktaufsicht bereits im November 2008 eine solche implementiert. Die Leverage Ratio soll eine gewisse Kernkapitalausstattung der Banken garantieren, und zwar unabhängig von den Ergebnissen, die die Verfahren zur Risikomessung liefern. Anhand von Bilanzdaten der Schweizer Großbank UBS stellen Kersten Kellermann und Carsten-Henning Schlag, Hochschule Liechtenstein, das Zusammenspiel von risikogewichteten Eigenmittelvorschriften und der Leverage Ratio dar und schlagen als alternatives Aufsichtsinstrument ein Sockelrisikogewicht vor. Dieses Sockelrisikogewicht könnte die Funktion eines Backstops übernehmen, indem es das Kleinrechnen der risikogewichteten Aktiva durch die Banken begrenzt, gleichzeitig die Risikogewichtung jedoch zur Wirkung kommen lässt.Finanzmarktkrise, Bankenkrise, Bankenaufsicht, Leverage Ratio

Struktur und Dynamik der Kleinstvolkswirtschaft Liechtenstein

Kersten Kellermann und Carsten-Henning Schlag, Universität Fribourg (Schweiz) und Konjunkturforschungsstelle Liechtenstein, analysieren die Struktur und Dynamik der Liechtensteiner Volkswirtschaft anhand verschiedener Indikatoren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Produktionssektor nach wie vor einen bedeutenden Beitrag zu Beschäftigung und Wertschöpfung im Fürstentum leistet. In der internationalen Öffentlichkeit wird das Fürstentum Liechtenstein hingegen zumeist als Finanzplatz wahrgenommen. Im internationalen Vergleich weist das Land eine hohe Wirtschaftskraft je Einwohner auf. Der Zuwachs der Beschäftigung und insbesondere die Entwicklung der Zahl der Zupendler stellt im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2006 die eigentliche Quelle des Wachstums der Liechtensteiner Volkswirtschaft dar.Wirtschaftsstruktur, Produktion, Liechtenstein

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to τν in pp Collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν using proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only τ-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible τν production cross section. Heavy W′ bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2–3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level