Geographic genetic structure of Iberian columbines (gen. Aquilegia)

Southern European columbines (genus Aquilegia)are involved in active processes of diversification, and the Iberian Peninsula offers a privileged observatory to witness the process. Studies on Iberian columbines have provided significant advances on species diversification,but we still lack a complete perspective of the genetic diversification in the Iberian scenario. This work explores how genetic diversity of the genus Aquilegia is geographically structured across the Iberian Peninsula. We used Bayesian clustering methods, principal coordinates analyses, and NJ phenograms to assess the genetic relationships among 285 individuals from 62 locations and detect the main lineages. Genetic diversity of Iberian columbines consists of five geographically structured lineages, corresponding to different Iberian taxa. Differentiation among lineages shows particularly complex admixture patterns at Northeast and highly homogeneous toward Northwest and Southeast. This geographic genetic structure suggests the existence of incomplete lineage sorting and interspecific hybridization as could be expected in recent processes of diversification under the influence of quaternary postglacial migrations. This scenario is consistent with what is proposed by the most recent studies on European and Iberian columbines, which point to geographic isolation and divergent selection by habitat specialization as the main diversification drivers of the Iberian Aquilegia complex

Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns

This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela – Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa

A deletion at Adamts9-magi1 Locus is associated with psoriatic arthritis risk

Objective: Copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the risk to develop multiple autoimmune diseases. Our objective was to identify CNVs associated with the risk to develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using a genome-wide analysis approach. Methods: A total of 835 patients with PsA and 1498 healthy controls were genotyped for CNVs using the Illumina HumanHap610 BeadChip genotyping platform. Genomic CNVs were characterised using CNstream analysis software and analysed for association using the χ2 test. The most significant genomic CNV associations with PsA risk were independently tested in a validation sample of 1133 patients with PsA and 1831 healthy controls. In order to test for the specificity of the variants with PsA aetiology, we also analysed the association to a cohort of 822 patients with purely cutaneous psoriasis (PsC). Results: A total of 165 common CNVs were identified in the genome-wide analysis. We found a highly significant association of an intergenic deletion between ADAMTS9 and MAGI1 genes on chromosome 3p14.1 (p=0.00014). Using the independent patient and control cohort, we validated the association between ADAMTS9-MAGI1 deletion and PsA risk (p=0.032). Using next-generation sequencing, we characterised the 26 kb associated deletion. Finally, analysing the PsC cohort we found a lower frequency of the deletion compared with the PsA cohort (p=0.0088) and a similar frequency to that of healthy controls (p>0.3). Conclusions: The present genome-wide scan for CNVs associated with PsA risk has identified a new deletion associated with disease risk and which is also differential from PsC risk

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

La psiconeuroinmunología en el proceso salud enfermedad

Introducción: La interacción entre los factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales altera la respuesta inmunológica predisponiendo la aparición de enfermedad. Objetivos: Revisar la evidencia científica sobre el efecto de la psiconeuroinmunología en el proceso salud-enfermedad. Métodos: Se hace una revisión sistematizada y actualizada sobre el tema en revistas especializadas e indexadas en las bases de datos de MedLine, PubMed, ISI. Se analiza el estado del arte y las perspectivas futuras. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 212 artículos científicos que cumplieron los criterios de evaluación. Existe evidencia que el cerebro modula las respuestas inmunes y a la vez el sistema inmunológico puede influir en el sistema nervioso central. De esta manera el estrés severo aumenta la susceptibilidad a enfermar y altera la evolución de las enfermedades al inducir desórdenes en la inmunorregulación en las cadenas de las citocinas inmunorregulatorias (THO/TH1/TH3, IL-12, TNF-α/IL-10). Son diversas las situaciones clínicas asociadas con el estrés entre las que se destacan las infecciones, el trauma, el cáncer, la alergia y la autoinmunidad. Conclusiones: El estrés mediante diferentes tipos de estímulos con vías y neurotransmisores exclusivos pueden generar diferentes efectos inmunológicos predisponiendo a la enfermedad. Estos conceptos son útiles para comprender mejor el impacto de las interacciones entre los factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales en la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Introduction: The interaction between biologic, physiologic and social factors can change the immunological response increasing the risk to develop disease. Objective: To evaluate the evidence of the interaction between the psychoneuroimmunology and the health-disease process. Methods: A systematic review of available information in different databases (MEDLINE and PUBMED) was performed. Results: 212 scientific papers were reviewed. There are strong evidence that the brain can modulate the immune response and visceversa. The high levels of stress increase the susceptibility to have infections, cancer, allergic and autoimmunity disease. The prognosis of the disease can change by disorders in the immunoregulation of the cytokines (TH0/TH1/TH3, IL-12, TNF-α/IL-10). Conclusions: The stress by different stimulus with specific ways can generate different immunological effects increasing the susceptibility to the disease. This concept is important to better understand the interactions between biologic, psychological and social factors in the prevention and the treatment of the illness

La psiconeuroinmunología en el proceso salud enfermedad

Introduction: The interaction between biologic, physiologic and social factors can change the immunological response increasing the risk to develop disease. Objective: To evaluate the evidence of the interaction between the psychoneuroimmunology and the health-disease process. Methods: A systematic review of available information in different databases (MEDLINE and PUBMED) was performed. Results: 212 scientific papers were reviewed. There are strong evidence that the brain can modulate the immune response and visceversa. The high levels of stress increase the susceptibility to have infections, cancer, allergic and autoimmunity disease. The prognosis of the disease can change by disorders in the immunoregulation of the cytokines (TH0/TH1/TH3, IL-12, TNF-α/IL-10). Conclusions: The stress by different stimulus with specific ways can generate different immunological effects increasing the susceptibility to the disease. This concept is important to better understand the interactions between biologic, psychological and social factors in the prevention and the treatment of the illness

Detection of Background Water Leaks Using a High-Resolution Dyadic Transform

This article solves the problem of detecting water leaks with a minimum size of down to 1 mm in diameter. Two new mathematical tools are used to solve this problem: the first one is the Te cross-spectral density and the second is Te coherence. These mathematical tools provide the possibility of discriminating spurious frequency components, making use of the property of multi-sensitivity. This advantage makes it possible to maximize the sensitivity of the frequency spectrum. The wavelet function used was Daubechies 45, because it provides an attenuation of 150 dB in the rejection band. The tools were validated with two scenarios. For the first scenario, a synthetic signal was analyzed. In the second scenario, two types of background leakage were analyzed: the first one has a diameter of 1 mm with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.82 dB and flow rate of 33.7 mL/s, and the second one has a diameter of 4 mm with a signal-to-noise ratio of 9.73 dB with a flow rate of 125.0 mL/s. The results reported in this paper show that both the Te cross-spectral density and Te coherence are higher than those reported in scientific literature

Infectious haemolytic anaemia causes jaundice outbreaks in seawater-cultured coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), in Chile

Artículo de publicación ISI.In the last 9 years, epizootics of an icterus condition has affected coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), reared in seawater cages in southern regions of Chile. At necropsy, fish from field cases exhibited signs of jaundice accompanied by pale light-brown livers and dark spleens. Histopathological and haematological results indicated that these fish presented haemolytic anaemia. After microbiological examination no bacterial or viral agents could be identified as aetiological agents of this disease. In an infectivity trial, coho salmon, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were inoculated intraperitoneally with a filtrate of an organ homogenate (0.45 lm) from a diseased coho salmon and held for 60 days in tanks supplied with fresh water. The disease was only reproduced in coho salmon in which mortalities, beginning at day 23 postinoculation (p.i.), reached a cumulative value of 24% at day 27 p.i. This condition was transmitted to non-inoculated cohabiting coho salmon suggesting that it is a waterborne disease. Thus, this icteric condition is caused by an infectious form of haemolytic anaemia, probably of viral aetiology, and coho salmon are more susceptible than either Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout