POTENCIAL ANTIMICROBIANO DO LÁTEX DA EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI: UMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA EM ANTIBIÓTICOS

Euphorbia tirucalli (Avelós) is a hardy, milky plant of African origin, with multiple uses in traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial activity. The latex of E. tirucalli has gained scientific recognition for its microbicidal action against bacteria of significant relevance in hospital infections, where bacterial resistance has progressively intensified in the current context of public health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory role of the plant extract on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, through an integrative literature review of previous studies regarding the bioactivity of this euphorbiaceous plant. The compound ampelopsin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that surpassed that of tetracycline. Scopletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid are compounds from E. tirucalli that also displayed activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to the methanolic extracts than Klebsiella pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Serratia odorifera also demonstrated sensitivity to the constituents of the plant in in vitro experiments. Thus, the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli demonstrates a robust therapeutic arsenal, potentially contributing profusely to the development of new antibiotics.A Euphorbia tirucalli (Avelós) uma planta rústica e lactescente, de origem africana, com múltiplas utilidades na medicina popular devido a sua atividade antimicrobiana. O látex da E. tirucalli tem ganhado notoriedade científica devido a sua ação microbicida sobre bactérias de grande relevância em infecções hospitalares, nas quais a resistência bacteriana tem se acentuado progressivamente no atual contexto da saúde coletiva. O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o papel inibitório do extrato da planta sobre bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos estudos prévios acerca da bioatividade dessa euforbiácea. O composto Ampelopsina apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli superior à da tetraciclina. Escopoletina, ácido gálico e ácido piperico são compostos da E. tirucalli que também exerceram atividade sobre bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi mais sensível aos extratos metanólicos que a Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Serratia odorífera também demonstraram sensibilidade aos constituintes da planta em experimentos in vitro. Dessa forma, o látex da Euphorbia tirucalli demostra robusto arsenal terapêutico, podendo contribuir de forma profícua no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos

CIRURGIA DE CATARATA: o perfil epidemiológico, melhora visual e qualidade de vida

O presente estudo tem por objetivo, diante da realidade, percebe-se que crenças e conhecimentos sobre a doença e suas consequências, bem como a gravidade do problema oftalmológico são fatores que interferem na busca da assistência. Ao se considerar que a catarata é responsável pelo maior número de cegos no mundo e, ao mesmo tempo, é uma doença passível de recuperação por tratamento cirúrgico, percebe-se que é uma questão importante de saúde pública. Entretanto, nota-se que a dimensão da magnitude do problema vai além do que os oftalmologistas podem atingir, sendo necessário, portanto, um trabalho de cunho interdisciplinar que atinja principalmente a educação em saúde, especialmente em pessoas com visão monocular.&nbsp

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children

Different neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children and their impact have not been well characterized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and ascertain differences between adults and children. We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) cohort across 1507 sites worldwide from 30 January 2020 to 25 May 2021. Analyses of neurological manifestations and neurological complications considered unadjusted prevalence estimates for predefined patient subgroups, and adjusted estimates as a function of patient age and time of hospitalization using generalized linear models. Overall, 161 239 patients (158 267 adults; 2972 children) hospitalized with COVID-19 and assessed for neurological manifestations and complications were included. In adults and children, the most frequent neurological manifestations at admission were fatigue (adults: 37.4%; children: 20.4%), altered consciousness (20.9%; 6.8%), myalgia (16.9%; 7.6%), dysgeusia (7.4%; 1.9%), anosmia (6.0%; 2.2%) and seizure (1.1%; 5.2%). In adults, the most frequent in-hospital neurological complications were stroke (1.5%), seizure (1%) and CNS infection (0.2%). Each occurred more frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. In children, seizure was the only neurological complication to occur more frequently in ICU versus non-ICU (7.1% versus 2.3%, P < 0.001). Stroke prevalence increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure steadily decreased with age. There was a dramatic decrease in stroke over time during the pandemic. Hypertension, chronic neurological disease and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with increased risk of stroke. Altered consciousness was associated with CNS infection, seizure and stroke. All in-hospital neurological complications were associated with increased odds of death. The likelihood of death rose with increasing age, especially after 25 years of age. In conclusion, adults and children have different neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19. Stroke risk increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure risk decreased with age

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries