HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN DENGAN PENGETAHUAN SKIZOFRENIA PADA MAHASISWA FARMASI UNIVERSITAS NGUDI WALUYO

Skizofrenia adalah kondisi beragam yang berlangsung lama ditandai dengan delusi dan halusinasi. Tanda kognitif seperti pikiran, pembicaraan, perilaku dan emosi tidak normal. Gejala kognitif seperti gangguan fungsi sosial dan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Tingkat Pengetahuan dan hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin dan semester terhadap pengetahuan skizofrenia pada Mahasiswa Farmasi Universitas Ngudi Waluyo. Metode: Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan Cross Sectional secara Prospektif. Pengambilan data menggunakan Teknik Purposive Sampling dengan 70 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Tingkat Pengetahuan dibagi menjadi 3 kategori yaitu Kurang (<60%), Cukup (60%-75%), dan Baik (76%-100%). Kemudian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin dan semester terhadap tingkat pengetahuan menggunakan Crosstab dan Chi-Square. Hasil: Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Farmasi Universitas Ngudi Waluyo pada Indikator Pengertian kategori baik (98,6%), Jenis Skizofrenia kategori baik (97,1%), Gejala kategori baik (92,9%), Faktor Risiko kategori kurang (41,7%), Tatalaksana Terapi kategori baik (85%) dan efek samping kategori kurang (57,1%). Dari hasil Chi-square menunjukan hubungan antara usia dengan pengetahuan p-value 0,281. Jenis kelamin dengan pengetahuan p-value 0,406 dan semester dengan pengetahuan p-value 0,408. Simpulan: Gambaran Pengetahuan Tentang skizofrenia Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi Universitas Ngudi Waluyo yaitu mahasiswa memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik dengan persentase 85%. Uji Chi-Square diketahui tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, dan semester terhadap pengetahuan skizofrenia dengan nilai p-value ≥0,05

HIV-1 viral load monitoring: an opportunity to reinforce treatment adherence in a resource-limited setting in Thailand.

This paper describes a program to increase patients' treatment literacy regarding viral load (VL) monitoring through patient education materials and a counseling protocol, implemented by peer counselors, in order to reinforce adherence to first-line treatment. VL monitoring and second-line antiretroviral treatment were introduced into an established first-line treatment program in a rural district hospital in Thailand. All patients (171 adults and 14 children) taking antiretroviral treatment for more than 6 months participated and those with detectable VL were targeted for additional adherence support. The main outcome measure recorded was the number of detectable results becoming undetectable after counseling. Four adults and one child had a persistently high VL and switched to second-line treatment. Of 51 adults (30%) with an initial low detectable VL, 47/51 identified likely explanations, usually linked with poor adherence. Following counseling, VL became undetectable in 45/51 cases and some patients could resolve long-standing psychosocial problems. We conclude that HIV-1 VL monitoring together with targeted counseling for patients with detectable VL can promote adherence to treatment, providing an opportunity to delay onset of HIV-1 resistance. When implemented with a patient-centered approach, it can be a very useful tool for psychosocial support

Inhibition of Leishmania infantum Trypanothione Reductase by Azole-Based Compounds: a Comparative Analysis with Its Physiological Substrate by X-ray Crystallography

n/

A realist analysis of hospital patient safety in Wales:Applied learning for alternative contexts from a multisite case study

Background: Hospital patient safety is a major social problem. In the UK, policy responses focus on the introduction of improvement programmes that seek to implement evidence-based clinical practices using the Model for Improvement, Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle. Empirical evidence that the outcomes of such programmes vary across hospitals demonstrates that the context of their implementation matters. However, the relationships between features of context and the implementation of safety programmes are both undertheorised and poorly understood in empirical terms. Objectives: This study is designed to address gaps in conceptual, methodological and empirical knowledge about the influence of context on the local implementation of patient safety programmes. Design: We used concepts from critical realism and institutional analysis to conduct a qualitative comparative-intensive case study involving 21 hospitals across all seven Welsh health boards. We focused on the local implementation of three focal interventions from the 1000 Lives+ patient safety programme: Improving Leadership for Quality Improvement, Reducing Surgical Complications and Reducing Health-care Associated Infection. Our main sources of data were 160 semistructured interviews, observation and 1700 health policy and organisational documents. These data were analysed using the realist approaches of abstraction, abduction and retroduction. Setting: Welsh Government and NHS Wales. Participants: Interviews were conducted with 160 participants including government policy leads, health managers and professionals, partner agencies with strategic oversight of patient safety, advocacy groups and academics with expertise in patient safety. Main outcome measures: Identification of the contextual factors pertinent to the local implementation of the 1000 Lives+ patient safety programme in Welsh NHS hospitals. Results: An innovative conceptual framework harnessing realist social theory and institutional theory was produced to address challenges identified within previous applications of realist inquiry in patient safety research. This involved the development and use of an explanatory intervention–context–mechanism–agency–outcome (I-CMAO) configuration to illustrate the processes behind implementation of a change programme. Our findings, illustrated by multiple nested I-CMAO configurations, show how local implementation of patient safety interventions are impacted and modified by particular aspects of context: specifically, isomorphism, by which an intervention becomes adapted to the environment in which it is implemented; institutional logics, the beliefs and values underpinning the intervention and its source, and their perceived legitimacy among different groups of health-care professionals; and the relational structure and power dynamics of the functional group, that is, those tasked with implementing the initiative. This dynamic interplay shapes and guides actions leading to the normalisation or the rejection of the patient safety programme. Conclusions: Heightened awareness of the influence of context on the local implementation of patient safety programmes is required to inform the design of such interventions and to ensure their effective implementation and operationalisation in the day-to-day practice of health-care teams. Future work is required to elaborate our conceptual model and findings in similar settings where different interventions are introduced, and in different settings where similar innovations are implemented. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme