Graphene Terahertz Plasmon Oscillators

In this paper we propose and discuss coherent terahertz sources based on charge density wave (plasmon) amplification in two dimensional graphene. The coupling of the plasmons to interband electron-hole transitions in population inverted graphene layers can lead to plasmon amplification through stimulated emission. Plasmon gain values in graphene can be very large due to the small group velocity of the plasmons and the strong confinement of the plasmon field in the vicinity of the graphene layer. We present a transmission line model for plasmon propagation in graphene that includes plasmon dissipation and plasmon interband gain due to stimulated emission. Using this model, we discuss design for terahertz plasmon oscillators and derive the threshold condition for oscillation taking into account internal losses and also losses due to external coupling. The large gain values available at terahertz frequencies in graphene can lead to integrated oscillators that have dimensions in the 1-10 micron range.Comment: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology (TNANO

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS ON THE CRANBERRIES SONG LYRICS

Song’s lyrics have similar form with poem. In some currant usage, lyrics still retain to sense of poem to set music. By music, people get some lesson as far as they understand and are able to catch the content or idea of the song. Song has its own characteristic and content that makes it different one and another. One of the song’s contents could be social problem. In this case, the writer took the Cranberries song, as the subject of analysis, which discusses more about the social problem. This study covers the problems of study: (1) What are social problems found in the Cranberries song’s lyrics? and (2) What is the most dominant of social problem in the song?. This research used descriptive design because the study to obtained information concerning the social problems in the Cranberries song. The approach used in this study was expressive approach for the writer of the thesis only concerned with the author in expressing the idea into his work. The population of research is lyrics of the Cranberries song in the album of Animal Instinct 1996, in which this album consisted of 15 songs. The writer took 6 songs from the album as sample using purposive random sampling. The study showed that the social problems revealed in the six songs as follows: Firstly, ‘Woman Without Pride’ song involves sex role and family problems. Secondly, ‘Ode to My Family’ has family problem. Thirdly, ‘Bosnia’ has warfare and international conflicts, ethnic minorities and violence. Fourthly, ‘Zombie’ reveals warfare and international conflicts, and violence. Fifthly, ‘Salvation’ consists of drug abuse problems. Finally, ‘Fee fi fo’ song reveals problems of sexual behavior and violence. Based on the result above, it can be concluded that the most dominant social problem is violence