Uso del modelo IBER en un problema de flujo bidimiensional

Las construcciones emplazadas dentro del valle de inundación de ríos y arroyos pueden dificultar de forma significativa el flujo del agua durante las crecidas; pero aun conociendo esto suele existir un interés económico en realizar estas edificaciones. Por ello resulta necesario cuantificar los efectos sobre el flujo y proponer medidas que minimicen este efecto obstructivo, o eventualmente desestimar dichas construcciones. Un modelo bidimensional permite cuantificar las alteraciones en el flujo en un entorno urbano, al representar de forma realista el movimiento del agua por calles de la ciudad. El modelo IBER (desarrollado por varias instituciones públicas españolas) tiene la ventaja de ser un programa rápido, robusto y gratuito, lo cual posibilita su uso para casos relativamente pequeños como el aquí presentado. El caso de estudio comprende una pequeña zona de en la ciudad de Azul, en el centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, en inmediaciones del Club de Remo. En su predio ubicado en la margen del arroyo, esta institución quería construir (sobre una cancha de paddle abierta) un edificio para un gimnasio. A falta de normativa municipal o provincial de ordenación urbana o territorial que prohibieran o permitieran dicha construcción, el problema técnico consistía en determinar los perjuicios ocasionados a los vecinos con dicha construcción, que dificultaba el escurrimiento local sobre la situación previa. Se consideró como situación de análisis la producida durante la crecida de agosto de 2012, de la cual se conocían de forma aproximada las condiciones de contorno del área a modelar. Se construyó el modelo de flujo sin la edificación nueva y con la edificación, representando las rugosidades superficiales de los distintos materiales (pavimento, vegetación, etc.). La diferencia en calados y velocidades entre ambas situaciones permitió proponer modificaciones constructivas y medidas de mitigación en el entorno para disminuir los efectos perjudiciales, los efectos de las cuales fueron cuantificadas en una nueva modificación del modelo. IBER ha resultado una herramienta versátil y relativamente fácil de usar, que ha cumplido adecuadamente las previsiones iniciales, y por ello altamente recomendable

Colombia as a new member of the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD): process and public policy challenges

Màster en Diplomàcia i Organitzacions Internacionals, Centre d'Estudis Internacionals. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2019-2020. Tutora: Ana García Juanate

Galactic Archaeology: Tracing the Milky Way's Formation and Evolution through Stellar Populations

Galactic archaeology represents a multidisciplinary approach aimed at unraveling the intricate history of the Milky Way galaxy through the study of its stellar populations. This abstract delves into the significance of galactic archaeology as a vital tool for understanding the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. By examining the distribution, kinematics, chemical compositions, and ages of stars within the galaxy, researchers gain insights into the dynamic processes that have shaped its structure over billions of years. Stellar populations serve as invaluable relics of past epochs, preserving clues about the conditions prevalent during their formation. The utilization of spectroscopic and photometric data has enabled the classification and analysis of stars, allowing astronomers to discern distinct populations and unveil their origin stories. Through these studies, the emergence of the Milky Way's various components, such as the thin and thick disk, halo, and bulge, becomes discernible.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Modelling the Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae while Air Limitation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae es un tipo de levadura que se ha utilizado desde hace muchos años para vinificación, horneado y cervecería. Durante el crecimiento de la levadura existe una producción indeseada de etanol causada por el efecto Crabtree y por la presencia limitada de oxígeno en el caldo de cultivo. El objetivo de esta tesis es crear un modelo que permita simular la producción de etanol causada por la limitación de oxígeno en un reactor semicontinuo. El modelo fue simulado en tres escenarios distintos, cambiando los parámetros de los que estaba compuesto. Para reducir la cantidad de etanol producida e incrementar la producción de biomasa, el flujo de glucosa que alimenta el reactor fue optimizado. Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast that has been used since many years ago to winemaking, baking and brewering. In the industrial process of producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, called baker's yeast, there is an undesired production of ethanol also under aer- obic conditions which is called the Crabtree e ect. During the growth of cells ethanol can also be produced under anaerobic conditions caused by the air limitation. The aim of this thesis is to create a model that is able to simulate ethanol production caused by the air limitation during the growth of a culture in a fed-batch reactor. To formulate the model, the respiration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the physical-principles of the mass transfer in a fed-batch reactor were analysed. The model is tested in di erent situations and with di er- ent parameters. To reduce the amount of ethanol and to increase the biomass production the glucose feed rate that is fed to the reactor was optimized.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteGrado en Ingeniería Químic

Agency and Artefacts : A cognitive semiotic exploration of design

This thesis investigates the role of artefacts in relation to human agency and design within a cognitive semiotics framework. It deals with questions such as What is agency? What are artefacts and how does agency relate to them? What kind of intentions are involved in the activity of designing? What is human-specific with respect to agency and design? How can the origins and evolution of design be explained? Addressing these questions, the thesis proposes a layered model of agency for explaining the relations between different grades of agentive complexity. The model is also useful for empirical studies of agency such as those of neuroscience. The thesis contends that the activity of design is a key feature of human agency. Thus, it delves into the cognitive processes of design, proposing the notion of enhanced agency as the prosthetic incorporation of artefacts into the agentive capabilities of the agents. The thesis also explores the origins and evolution of design and proposes a stage-based model in which the progressive complexity of the artificial world is parallel to the increasing complexity of enhanced human agency.The thesis rejects human exceptionalism which places humans as ontologically unique and biologically discontinuous with the rest of the living world. At the same time, it recognizes that only human agents have the power to stop the current environmental obliteration. This can be done by recognizing the potential of human agency, instead of diluting it into abstract networks; highlighting its differences and similarities instead of equating human agency with inert matter or anthropomorphizing the agency of other animals. This also highlights the moral responsibilities of human agency.Paper 1 explores the origin and evolution of design: an activity in which agency is present in the intentional adaptations of the material world for the benefit of human purposes. Delving into the evolutionary emergence of design helps understand the relevant cognitive processes underlying this activity and their relationship with other key semiotic resources such as mimesis, pictorial representations and polysemiotic communication. Paper 2 addresses the current debate on the role of materiality for human cognition and the status of artefacts as agents, critically reviewing the concept of material agency. Paper 3 is based on an empirical study consisting of contextually situated observations of the process of design of artefacts in Amazonia. This paper proposes the notion of enhanced agency, the prosthetic incorporation of artefacts into the agentive capabilities of the agents. Paper 4 investigates how intentions are involved in the cognitive processes of design. Paper 5 proposes a layered model of agency with the goal of explaining the relations between different grades of agentive complexity. A further goal was to apply a proper cognitive semiotic approach to third-person studies of agency, specifically those of neuroscience