"Every Heart North of the Tweed": Placing Canadian magazines of the 1820s and 1830s

No abstract available

"Every Heart North of the Tweed": Placing Canadian magazines of the 1820s and 1830s

No abstract available

ICESat/GLAS Data as a Measurement Tool for Peatland Topography and Peat Swamp Forest Biomass in Kalimantan, Indonesia

Indonesian peatlands are one of the largest near-surface pools of terrestrial organic carbon. Persistent logging, drainage and recurrent fires lead to huge emission of carbon each year. Since tropical peatlands are highly inaccessible, few measurements on peat depth and forest biomass are available. We assessed the applicability of quality filtered ICESat/GLAS (a spaceborne LiDAR system) data to measure peatland topography as a proxy for peat volume and to estimate peat swamp forest Above Ground Biomass (AGB) in a thoroughly investigated study site in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mean Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation was correlated to the corresponding ICESat/GLAS elevation. The best results were obtained from the waveform centroid (R2 = 0.92; n = 4,186). ICESat/GLAS terrain elevation was correlated to three 3D peatland elevation models derived from SRTM data (R2 = 0.90; overall difference = −1.0 m, ±3.2 m; n = 4,045). Based on the correlation of in situ peat swamp forest AGB and airborne LiDAR data (R2 = 0.75, n = 36) an ICESat/GLAS AGB prediction model was developed (R2 = 0.61, n = 35). These results demonstrate that ICESat/GLAS data can be used to measure peat topography and to collect large numbers of forest biomass samples in remote and highly inaccessible peatland forests

The ecology of carex flacca schreb and carex panicea L.

The effect of pH, calcium and potassium on the performance of Carex flacca and C. panicea is investigated using tillers growing in solution culture. Performance is determined "by changes in fresh weight, dry weight, leaf length and the uptake of mineral nutrients into the plants. Possible age response is taken into consideration by using tillers of two different initial sizes and seeds, as starting material, No differential response due to initial age of the plant parts is detected, pH affects the final fresh and dry weights but not the relative concentrations of the elements present in the plant leaves, Above a certain external calcium concentration (about 50 p.p.m.) uptake of calcium by the plants greatly increases. Performance of both species increases with increase in external calcium concentration until the influx concentration is reached, and then it decreases, The germination and potassium variation experiments show that both species are very efficient in removing potassium from the culture solutions and maintaining a high internal concentration of this element, These observations could have important implications in natural plant communities. There is evidence to suggest that Carex flacca and C. panicea exhibit different responses to calcium and pH which could lead to different ecological tolerances. In a parallel study, the role of calcium and potassium in the nutrient dynamics of the two species is investigated over the two-year growing period. With progressive ageing, percentage potassium content decreases; total potassium increases over the first year, but falls sharply after flowering; both percentage and total calcium content increase steadily over the life span, but tend to decrease after fruiting, Analysis of different plant organs reveals considerable variation in the concentrations of calcium and potassium between adjacent parts of the same plant. There is evidence to suggest that calcium and potassium re-cycle in different ways. Potassium is probably being supplied to the next generation of tillers from the parent plant, either by absorption from the substrate, or by translocation from dying leaves, Calcium, on the other hand, has to be absorbed by the tillers themselves when they have established their own root syste

Evaluation of three school foodservice systems: student and expert sensory panel ratings, plate waste and time-temperature data

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 R53Master of ScienceHospitality Management and Dietetic

Indonesia's contested domains: deforestation, rehabilitation and conservation-with-development in Central Kalimantan's tropical peatlands

Tropical peat swamp forests (TPSF) in Indonesia have long faced competition between industrial demand for timber, the subsistence require- ments of local communities and, more recently, global concern about the need to conserve tropical peat carbon stores, ecosystem services and biodiversity. This paper uses concepts of ecological distribution and environmental justice to investigate how tensions between conservation and livelihood goals have played out on the ground and examine who has gained and lost out from recent TPSF exploitation, conservation and rehabilitation initiatives. A central focus is how peat-based communities in Central Kalimantan have adapted their livelihoods to changing peatland conditions and management policies with particular emphasis on the livelihood impacts of conservation-with-development initiatives in the area. It is argued that despite recent emphasis on ‘win-win’ initiatives, the costs of environmental conservation are rarely distributed in proportion to their benefit

Current fire regimes, impacts and the likely changes – IV: tropical Southeast Asia

The Southeast Asian region is experiencing some of the world’s highest rates of deforestation and forest degradation, the principle drivers of which are agricultural expansion and wood extraction in combination with an increased incidence of fire. Recent changes in fire regimes in Southeast Asia are indicative of increased human-causd forest disturbance, but El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events also play a role in exacerbating fire occurrence and severity. Fires are now occurring on a much more extensive scale - in part because forest margins are at greater risk of fire as a result of disturbance through logging activities, but also as a result of rapid, large-scale forest clearance for the establish-ment of plantations. Millions of hectares have been deforested and drained to make way for oil palm and pulpwood trees, and many plantation companies, particularly in Indonesia, have employed fire as a cheap land clearance tool; uncontrolled fires have entered adjacent forests or plantation estates, and burnt both the forest biomass and, in peatland areas, underlying peat. Forest fires cause changes to forest structure, biodiversity, soil and hydrology. Repeated fires over successive or every few years lead to a progressive decline in the number of primary forest species. Fire leads to reduction in both aboveground and below ground organic carbon stocks and also changes carbon cycling patterns. In non-peatland areas, losses of carbon from fire affected forest vegetation exceed greatly soil carbon losses, but on carbon-rich substrates, e.g. peat, combustion losses can be considerable. Peatland fires make a major contribution to atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases, fine particular matter and aerosols and thus contribute to climate change as well as presenting a problem for human health. The scale of emissions is unlikely to reduce in coming decades, since climate modelling studies have predicted that parts of this region will experience lower rainfall in future and greater seasonality. Protecting the rainforests of this region from further fire disasters should be at the top of the global environmental agenda, with highest priority given to peatland areas