Linearized unsteady jet analysis

The introduction of a time dependency into a jet flow to change the rate at which it mixes with a coflowing stream or ambient condition is investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the unsteady flow are discussed in terms of steady state mass and momentum transfer. A linear system which is not limited by frequency constraints and evolves through a simplification of the equations of motion is presented for the analysis of the unsteady flow field generated by the time dependent jet

Historic and Current Use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas

Dedicated at-sea surveys for marine birds and mammals conducted in lower Cook Inlet in late July and early August from 1995–99 failed to locate any belugas, Delphinapterus leucas. Surveys covered a total of 6,249 linear km and were conducted in both nearshore and offshore habitats. Sightings included 791 individual marine mammals of 10 species. Both historical data and local knowledge indicate that belugas were regularly seen in summer in nearshore and offshore areas of lower Cook Inlet up until the early 1990’s. Diminished presence of belugas in lower Cook Inlet may be a direct function of reduced numbers but may also indicate changes in habitat quality that may inhibit recovery

Opportunity Works in Neighborhoods

The Village of Walden is facing an affordable housing crisis, leaving many residents in an extremely precarious, unsustainable situation, mirroring the nationwide crisis that has been amplified since the housing market crash of 2008. Hundreds of local families, particularly those making less than the area median income (AMI), are at risk of losing their homes and being displaced, which threatens to destabilize the entire community. Despite the clear need for a sustainable solution, there have been large obstacles preventing pragmatic action. According to the statewide Affordable Housing Report, the “Not In My Back Yard” or “NIMBY” ideology has been the prime hindrance to progress on the affordable housing front. Opponents of affordable housing have regularly used the “NIMBY” rallying cry to fight housing projects aimed at assisting low income families, stating that the introduction of such projects would flood the area with undesirables, leading to increased crime, poverty, and destabilization, despite lacking empirical evidence to back these claims. To combat these misconceptions, we will create the OWN program (Opportunity Works in Neighborhoods) by partnering with local organizations, which will both educate the local populace through an aggressive and creative marketing campaign, and provide affordable housing to those in need, strengthening the community on multiple fronts. (Author abstract)Piatt, F. (2013). Opportunity Works in Neighborhoods. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)Community Economic DevelpopmentSchool of Busines

Toward Domestic Recognition of a Human Right to Language

There is no clearly defined “right to language” in the United States. Yet, there do exist sources of such a right. For example, a constitutionally protected right to express oneself or receive communications in a language other than English is supported by a number of federal court decisions. Further, there may be a first amendment right to receive broadcast programming in languages other than English, and some federal statutes even provide a guarantee of the exercise of language rights in a number of public and civic contexts. In spite of these sources for a right to language, it is an unfortunate reality that many monolingual persons in the United States feel threatened by the use of a language they do not understand, and exhibit hostility toward the concept of legal recognition of the right to use any language other than English. But while no one would seriously challenge the fact that English is the predominant language in this country, it does not follow that the native speaker of a language other than English should be officially stripped of his or her tongue in order to obtain English proficiency and socio-economic success. Instead, it is time to recognize a human right to language in the United States. By analyzing the existing sources of a right to language and the many reasons to be willing to accommodate more than one language, an analytical framework for the recognition of the human right to language can be developed. Only through such a framework can a clearly defined right to language can be established, and a right to language is necessary if the United States is to avoid the disenfranchisement of countless voters and the imposition of second-class status and feelings of inferiority upon countless children

Damping and Mechanical Behavior of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Epoxy Composites

Polymeric materials exhibit a viscoelastic (time-dependent) behavior, which is characterized using creep, stress-relaxation, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests at different temperatures. Nanoindentation techniques are non-destructive and only require a small sample to perform experiments. While instrumented indentation has enabled high-throughput measurement of many mechanical properties for bulk and thin-film polymer samples such as elastic modulus, hardness, and creep compliance, there is no available technique to accurately extract the temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties using nanoindentation. On the macro-scale, DMA can measure damping factor (tanδ) for viscoelastic solids and glass transition temperature (Tg) can be readily determined from temperature-dependent tanδ ï€ measurements. This thesis attempts to find correlations between nanoindentation creep and impact tests to the macroscale viscoelastic properties measured via DMA. For this purpose, epoxy nanocomposites with different types and loadings of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Raman spectroscopy were used to assess carbon nanotube quality, dispersion state, and epoxy curing. Modulus, hardness, and strain rate sensitivity were measured at elevated temperatures using nanoindentation and compared to DMA results

Entrada: Slavery, Religion and Reconciliation

Each year, Santa Fe, NM celebrates a Fiesta. One component, the Entrada, celebrate the peaceful re-conquest of the Indigenous people by the Spanish colonizers. Controversy has arisen in recent years as activists challenge the memorialization of a tradition that they feel represents slavery and brutality. Linking their struggle to recent efforts to remove memorials to the Confederacy, they have sought to physically block the re-enactment, leading to arrests, collateral conflict, and the threat of future violence. How do we move forward as a society with the legacy of slavery that built this region and country: This article examines the historical, sociological, legal and religious conflict surrounding the Entrada. It creates a model for addressing a reconciliation not only of that conflict, but also the broader controversies regarding memorials, monuments and re-enactments of our complicated inheritance of slavery and conquest

The Glass Half-Full: A Rational/Radical Approach to Immigration Reform

The problems the United States faces in redirecting immigration policies cannot be successfully addressed by a quick fix immigration “reform.” The legal, economic, sociological, political, racial, and moral issues are too complex and have been largely unresolved. As a result, it is unrealistic to expect political leaders to develop an easy solution that will satisfy the myriad competing and conflicting concerns. Most of the calls for reform are not issued by individuals completely aware of the extent of immigration regulation and of its impact on American society. Rather, calls come from those with relatively narrow interests from all ranges of the political spectrum. These calls for reform further focus on only a few narrow areas, without fully considering the impact on the rest of the immigration law scheme or the rest of the American constitutional scheme for that matter. However, there is a more rational approach to analyzing the areas where the calls for reform have been heard the loudest, and this analysis leads to what might be considered a radical approach to immigration reform—to first acknowledge what is right about American immigration policies and processes. The only real hope to reconstruct an equitable immigration policy that serves national interests is to honestly and openly discuss, debate, and analyze the underlying and most often unspoken concerns at the heart of the immigration challenge. And Americans must be willing to concede that, more often than not, the American system of immigration, while far from perfect, might actually be working

Respecting the Identity and Dignity of All Indigenous Americans

The United States government attempted to eliminate Native Americans through outright physical extermination and later by the eradication of Indian identity through a boarding school system and other paper genocide mechanisms. One of those mechanisms is the recognition of some Natives but not the majority, including those who ancestors were enslaved. The assistance provided to recognized tribes by the government is inadequate to compensate for the historical and continuing suffering these people endure. And yet the problem is compounded for those unrecognized Natives whose ancestors were enslaved and whose tribal identity was erased. They are subjected to a double-barreled discrimination. That is, they suffer the same discrimination and deprivation of resources as their recognized brothers and sisters yet are unable to qualify for government assistance. The system thus pits recognized Indians against unrecognized Indians in a struggle for inadequate resources. This leaves the majority of American Indians striving to survive as they attempt to maintain their Indian identity and dignity. While they continue to preserve the cultural and religious practices of their ancestors, they often find themselves to be the victims of pretendian attacks. This Article examines an approach to resolving this conflict, respecting the identity and dignity of all Indigenous Americans