Global Spatial Risk Assessment of Sharks Under the Footprint of Fisheries

Effective ocean management and conservation of highly migratory species depends on resolving overlap between animal movements and distributions and fishing effort. Yet, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach combining satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively) and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of high-seas fishing effort. Results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas shark hotspots and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real time, dynamic management

Les derniers intellectuels

Russell Jacoby, The Last Intellectuals In the 1930s, 40s, and even 50s, intellectuals, and more particularly Leftist intellectuals, were generaly not academics, or if they were they were marginal to the University and still defined themselves, like their journalist and free-lance writer brethern, as independant, « public » authors, that is, authors who addressed themselves to a broad, educated public. Starting in the 1960s, however, with the end of McCarthyism and following the development of the New Left, for the first time a large number of Leftists and Marxists entered the universities. While they strongly influenced their disciplines and won a definite respectability for Leftist and Marxist modes of analysis, the constraints of the Academy at the same time adulterated the Leftist perspective. Marxist academics, seeking security and recognition within the University, followed the rules of the academic game, producing works marked by the dominant discourse and accessible only to other specialists.Dans les années 30, 40 et même 50, les intellectuels, et plus particulièrement les intellectuels de gauche, n'étaient généralement pas des universitaires, ou quand ils l'étaient restaient aux marges de l'Université et se définissaient toujours à l'instar de leurs confrères journalistes et écrivains « free-lance », comme auteurs indépendants et « publics », c'est-à-dire qui s'adressaient à un large public cultivé. À partir des années 60, par contre, avec la fin du maccarthisme et surtout avec le développement de la Nouvelle gauche, pour la première fois, de nombreux gauchistes et marxistes sont entrés à l'Université. S'ils ont fortement infléchi leurs disciplines et ont donné une respectabilité certaine aux analyses de gauche et marxistes, les contraintes de l'Université ont en même temps adultéré leur perspective de gauche. Les marxistes universitaires, en recherchant la sécurité et la reconnaissance au sein de l'Université, ont suivi la règle du jeu universitaire, et produit des ouvrages seulement accessibles à d'autres spécialistes.Jacoby Russel, Sayre Robert. Les derniers intellectuels. In: L'Homme et la société, N. 93, 1989. La gauche contemporaine aux États-Unis : mouvements d'hier et pensée d'aujourd'hui. pp. 65-81

A cultura musical erudita na universidade: refúgio, resistência e expectativas

O ensino musical do Brasil Colônia à atualidade. A decadência dos conservatórios. A música na Universidade: graduação e pós-graduação; publicações; gravações. A performance musical e a pesquisa, dentro e fora da Universidade. Progressões da cultura musical erudita: aritmética (decrescente) e geométrica (ascendente). Governo (voto), iniciativa privada (lucro), mídia (massa receptiva): inter-relacionamento pragmático resultando o desmonte da cultura musical erudita. Impasse da crítica musical. Eventos internacionais no Brasil e a malversação de verbas. Festivais de música: comparações. Músico brasileiro: sobreviver na concessão ou resistir na qualidade? Despreparo cultural do homem público, do empresário e do agente cultural. A Universidade como refúgio da cultura musical erudita.<br>The musical training from Colonial Brazil to the present. The fall of the conservatory. The University: under graduate musical studies and graduate studies; publications; recordings. The musical performance research within and out of the University. Arithmetic progression (descending) of the erudite musical culture and geometric progression (ascending) of the mass musical culture. Government (vote), private iniciative (profit), media (mass reception) : pragmatic interrelations, resulting in the dismanting of the erudite musical culture. Check of musical critique. International events in Brazil and misuse of funds. Musical festivals: comparisons. Brazilian musicians: surviving by catering to the market or insisting on quality? Cultural dispreparation of the politician: Business man and musical manager. The University as refuge of the erudite musical culture