Utilização de Euborellia sp. (Dermaptera: forficulidae) para controle biológico de ácaros Mesostigmatas em granja de galinhas Poedeiras: The use of Euborellia sp. (Dermaptera: forficulidae) for biological control of Mesostigmata mites in an egg-laying farm

Objetivou-se estudar o controle biológico de ácaros hematófagos utilizando insetos predadores da ordem Dermaptera do gênero Euborellia sp. (tesourinha) em um aviário de postura localizado Cidade de Nova Esperança- PR. No período da primavera de 2017 (14/10/2017 a 04/11/2017), foram realizadas coletas de ácaros e tesourinhas em cinco pontos diferente do galpão Tc (tratamento controle) e Tcb (tratamento- controle biológico), a cada 8 dias totalizando 4 coletas. As amostras de ácaros foram coletadas nas aves e as amostras de tesourinhas foram coletadas no esterco. Foram identificados ácaros da espécie Dermanyssus gallinae. Ao estabelecer uma relação entre a variável número de ácaros e número de tesourinhas nas quatro coletas distintas do tratamento biológico (Tcb), observou-se que, no perpassar do 1º dia ao 15º houve um aumento gradativo do número médio de ácaros e tesourinhas, todavia no 22º dia o número médio de tesourinhas continuou aumentando e o de ácaros diminuiu. Os valores do número de ácaros obtidos no tratamento controle (Tc) e controle biológico (Tcb), evidenciou que a utilização dos insetos do Gênero Euborellia sp como predadores diminuiu 62,63% os números de ácaros nas aves no período da pesquis

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Differential expression of proteins in embryos of maize popcorn lines (Zea mays L.) with high and low expansion capacity

The purpose of this work was to conduct a study on the differential expression of proteins in two different lines of popcorn, one of them with high expansion capacity (P11) and one with low expansion capacity (P16), through the Shotgun proteomics approach. A total of 1,189 proteins were identified expressed in embryos that mostly presented catalytic activity as their molecular function, and that largely constitute cellular components of the cytoplasm and cell membranes. Functional annotations revealed 103 different biological functions, allocated into 26 major functional groups, where proteins linked to functions of metabolic processes stand out. Analysis of these proteins in metabolic pathways revealed that the great majority correspond to metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, amino acids and of biosynthesis. The differential expression of these protein, during the process of embryogenesis between lines, revealed that 4, 127 and 30 proteins decreased expression in line P11, P16 and both, respectively. On line P11, there was a decrease in protein expression of the metabolic protein pathway. On the other hand, line P16 showed decreased expression of proteins related to the metabolism of DNA, RNA, proteins and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Proteins that decreased their expression in both lines also show functions related to the metabolism of proteins, DNA, carbon and fatty acids. It was observed that 9, 7 and 34 proteins increased their expression on line P11, P16 and both, respectively. Among proteins that exhibited increased expression are: storage proteins (vicilin, oleosin), proteins that accumulate as the embryogenesis process advances (embryonic protein, late embryogenesis abundant protein), transport proteins (protein and lipids), carbon metabolism and fatty acids. Given that in embryos the metabolic pathway of lipids is important to provide synthesis and storage for itself, through searches performed on Kregg - Search & Colors Pathways, It was possible to observe that 18 proteins are associated to the metabolic pathway of lipids. Two isoforms of enoyl-reductase were found decreasing their expression in line P16 when compared to P11. Although the identification of proteins linked to expansion capacity has not been consistent, this study provides important directions for further analysis of differential proteome in embryo, endosperm and the pericarp of popcorn kernels, which along with a chemical assessment of seed components will enable important advances in genetic improvement programs for this crop.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a expressão diferencial de proteínas em duas linhagens de milho pipoca, sendo uma delas com elevada capacidade de expansão (P11) e outra com baixa capacidade de expansão (P16), por meio da abordagem proteômica Shotgun. Foram identificadas 1.189 proteínas expressas em embriões que em sua maioria apresentaram função molecular de atividade catalítica e que constituem em grande parte, componentes celulares do citoplasma e das membranas celulares. As anotações funcionais revelaram 103 diferentes funções biológicas, alocadas em 26 grandes grupos funcionais, onde se destacam proteínas ligadas às funções de processos metabólicos. A análise destas proteínas nas vias metabólicas relevou que a grande maioria corresponde a vias metabólicas de carboidratos, aminoácidos e vias de biossíntese. A expressão diferencial dessas proteínas, durante o processo de embriogênese entre as linhangens, revelou que 4, 127 e 30 proteínas diminuíram sua expressão na linhagem P11, P16 e em ambas as linhagens, respectivamente. Na linhagem P11, ocorreu a diminuição da expressão de proteínas da via metabólica de proteínas. Por outro lado, na linhagem P16, houve redução na expressão de proteínas relacionadas ao metabolismo de DNA, RNA, proteínas e ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico. As proteínas que diminuíram sua expressão em ambas linhagens também apresentam funções relacionadas ao metabolismo de proteínas, DNA, carbono e ácidos graxos. Observou-se que 9, 7 e 34 proteínas aumentaram sua expressão na linhagem P11, P16 e em ambas, respectivamente. Dentre as proteínas que apresentaram aumento na expressão tem-se: proteínas de armazenamento (vicilin, oleosin), proteínas que se acumulam conforme avança o processo de embriogênese (embryonic protein, late embryogenesis abundant protein), proteínas de transporte (proteína e lipídios), metabolismo do carbono e ácidos graxos. Considerando que em embriões a via metabólica de lipídios é importante para prover a síntese e armazenamento deste, mediante buscas realizadas no Kegg - Search & Colors Pathways, foi possível observar que 18 proteínas estão associadas à via metabólica de lipídios. Duas isoformas de enoyl-reductase foram encontradas diminuindo sua expressão na linhagem P16 quando comparada à P11. Embora, a identificação de proteínas relacionadas à capacidade de expansão não tenha sido consistente, este trabalho fornece importantes direcionamentos para novas análises de proteoma diferencial em embriões, endospermas e pericarpos de milho pipoca, que juntamente com avaliações dos componentes químicos das sementes, possibilitarão importantes avanços nos programas de melhoramento genético desta cultura.xiv, 170

Interrelationship between morphological, agronomic and molecular characteristics in the analysis of common bean genetic diversity

<div><p>ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to analyze, through 12 morpho-agronomic traits and 18 micro satellite loci, the genetic diversity in 17 common bean accessions from the Bean Germplasm Bank of the Center for Applied Agricultural Research of the State University of Maringá (BGF/Nupagri/UEM), in Paraná State, Brazil. Genetic diversity was assessed by joint analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics using the Genetics platform of SAS software. To that end, a dissimilarity matrix was constructed based on the Jaccard index. This was used to generate a dendrogram via UPGMA hierarchical clustering, validated by multidimensional scaling and nonorthogonal principal components analysis. Based on genetic diversity analysis, the accessions were clustered into two large groups: one consisting of 11 accessions of Andean origin and the other containing six Mesoamerican accessions. The 17 accessions from the BGF/Nupagri/UEM were found to be an important source of genetic variability for inclusion in common bean breeding programs, contributing to the development of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics.</p></div