Some Fundamental Considerations for the Application of Macroscopic Models in the Field of Pedestrian Crowd Simulation

The means applied for the macroscopic modeling of pedestrian crowd simulations have originally been designed to model systems in the field of physics. This physics-mathematics coevolved toolbox makes certain assumptions about the nature of the objects that are dealt with. A natural question that arises now, is how well these tools fit pedestrian crowd simulations which deal with "systems'' of interacting intelligent "particles''. In this article we try to shed some light on these questions and try to outline a possible modeling approach

A Multispecies Pedestrian Model based on a 3d multiphase incompressible fluid flow model

The idea to simulate pedestrian flow by the application of fluid dynamics equations has a certain history in that field. This approach is based on the application of partial differential equations, which makes it a macroscopic method. The need to simulate several different species of pedestrians is a need from the start, which has not been matched very well by numerical simulations of macroscopic type. The basis of the description of non dense pedestrian movement by incompressible fluid flow models consists in the introduction of an empty phase as a species of a multiphase system of distinct phases

Fundamental Diagrams and Multiple Pedestrian Streams

The application of a fundamental diagram is one possible concept to base macroscopic models of pedestrian streams on. These diagrams have been derived for unidirectional pedestrian flows in restricted spatial settings like corridors and bottlenecks. In this paper we present some ideas to possibly extend this concept to cases of multi-directional fluxes on a plane, possibly with obstacles

An adaptive finite-volume method for a model of two-phase pedestrian flow

A flow composed of two populations of pedestrians moving in different directions is modeled by a two-dimensional system of convection-diffusion equations. An efficient simulation of the two-dimensional model is obtained by a finite-volume scheme combined with a fully adaptive multiresolution strategy. Numerical tests show the flow behavior in various settings of initial and boundary conditions, where different species move in countercurrent or perpendicular directions. The equations are characterized as hyperbolic-elliptic degenerate, with an elliptic region in the phase space, which in one space dimension is known to produce oscillation waves. When the initial data are chosen inside the elliptic region, a spatial segregation of the populations leads to pattern formation. The entries of the diffusion-matrix determine the stability of the model and the shape of the patterns

Evaluating porous polylactide-co-glycolide/bioactive glass composite microsphere powders for laser sintering of scaffolds

While laser sintering (LS) processes are typically optimised towards denser powder beds, our approach is different as we investigate the use of non-dense powder beds made of porous composite powder materials of polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and bioactive glass (BG) 45S5. Powders were produced via solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion with modified BG as porogen and changing PLGA:BG ratios with up to 50 wt% of BG. Characterisation was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), powder packing and flow, particle-size distribution (PSD) and X-ray tomography. The microparticles showed varying degrees of sphericity, porosity and specific surface area (SSA), while the BG porogen could be incorporated into or onto the foamed polymer. Powders were used for LS and gave parts with an overall porosity of ~ 75%. Our special approach might be interesting for multi-material LS for real biomimetic scaffolds with tailored hierarchical pore structures

Towards robust 3D face recognition from noisy range images with low resolution

For a number of different security and industrial applications, there is the need for reliable person identification methods. Among these methods, face recognition has a number of advantages such as being non-invasive and potentially covert. Since the device for data acquisition is a conventional camera, other advantages of a 2D face recognition system are its low data capture duration and its low cost. However, the recent introduction of fast and comparatively inexpensive time-of-flight (TOF) cameras for the recording of 2.5D range data calls for a closer look at 3D face recognition in this context. One major disadvantage, however, is the low quality of the data aquired with such cameras. In this paper, we introduce a robust 3D face recognition system based on such noisy range images with low resolution

Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes:Evidence from genome-wide association studies

First published: 16 February 202

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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