18 research outputs found
Motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje en los estudiantes reprobados de la carrera de psicología de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo de la UNAN-Managua, en el periodo 2014 al I semestre del año 2018
El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar los factores de motivación que influyen el
uso de estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes reprobados de la carrera de psicología de la
UNAN-FAREM-Carazo, en el periodo 2014 al I semestre del año 2018. Se trata de un estudio
cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo con un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. Para ello se
seleccionó una muestra de 16 participantes, 8 masculinos y 8 femeninos con edades que oscilaron
entre 18 y 30 años, a quienes se les aplicó la una Escala de Autopercepción de la Motivación
Académica adaptada y modificada a la población de estudio la cual contenía ítems, tipo escala
Likert. Entre los principales resultados esta la variable motivación extrínseca en su categoría metas
relacionadas con la obtención de recompensas externas la cual refleja que el 56,3 % de los
estudiantes están de acuerdo que estudian porque quieren tener una vida cómoda en el futuro,
mientras que el 43,8 % estudian para obtener un título universitario e integrarse al campo
profesional. Opuesto a los datos anteriores el 43,8 % asegura no sentirse motivado con el hecho
de recibir una beca y un 37,5 % afirma que los profesores y su metodología no son parte de su
motivación para seguir estudiando. Mientras que las estrategias de aprendizaje llevadas a cabo por
los estudiantes en la categoría manejo de recurso en cuanto a aprendizaje con otros, el 50 % afirman
su preferencia por estudiar solo, contrario a esto el 43,3 % asegura que el trabajo en grupo no
resulta eficaz. Por tal razón se recomienda emplear el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje en cuanto
al manejo de recursos tales como: tiempo y lugar de estudio, regulación del esfuerzo, aprendizaje
con otros y búsqueda de ayuda que permitan a fortalecer conocimientos adquiridos
Zalypsis has in vitro activity in acute myeloid blasts and leukemic progenitor cells through the induction of a DNA damage response
[EN]Although the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia initially respond to conventional chemotherapy, relapse is still the leading cause of death, probably because of the presence of leukemic stem cells that are insensitive to current therapies. We investigated the antileukemic activity and mechanism of action of zalypsis, a novel alkaloid of marine origin.
The activity of zalypsis was studied in four acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and in freshly isolated blasts taken from patients with acute myeloid leukemia before they started therapy. Zalypsis-induced apoptosis of both malignant and normal cells was measured using flow cytometry techniques. Gene expression profiling and western blot studies were performed to assess the mechanism of action of the alkaloid.
Zalypsis showed a very potent antileukemic activity in all the cell lines tested and potentiated the effect of conventional antileukemic drugs such as cytarabine, fludarabine and daunorubicin. Interestingly, zalypsis showed remarkable ex vivo potency, including activity against the most immature blast cells (CD34(+) CD38(-) Lin(-)) which include leukemic stem cells. Zalypsis-induced apoptosis was the result of an important deregulation of genes involved in the recognition of double-strand DNA breaks, such as Fanconi anemia genes and BRCA1, but also genes implicated in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, such as RAD51 and RAD54. These gene findings were confirmed by an increase in several proteins involved in the pathway (pCHK1, pCHK2 and pH2AX).
The potent and selective antileukemic effect of zalypsis on DNA damage response mechanisms observed in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and in patients' samples provides the rationale for the investigation of this compound in clinical trials
The avoidance of G-CSF and the addition of prophylactic corticosteroids after autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma patients appeal for the at-home setting to reduce readmission for neutropenic fever
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for young multiple myeloma (MM) patients; indeed, at-home ASCT has been positioned as an appropriate therapeutic strategy. However, despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics, neutropenic fever (NF) and hospital readmissions continue to pose as the most important limitations in the outpatient setting. It is possible that the febrile episodes may have a non-infectious etiology, and engraftment syndrome could play a more significant role. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of both G-CSF withdrawal and the addition of primary prophylaxis with corticosteroids after ASCT. Between January 2002 and August 2018, 111 MM patients conditioned with melphalan were managed at-home beginning +1 day after ASCT. Three groups were established: Group A (n = 33) received standard G-CSF post-ASCT; group B (n = 32) avoided G-CSF post-ASCT; group C (n = 46) avoided G-CSF yet added corticosteroid prophylaxis post-ASCT. The incidence of NF among the groups was reduced (64%, 44%, and 24%; P2 (OR 6.1; P = 0.002) and G-CSF avoidance plus corticosteroids (OR 0.1; P<0.001); and for hospital readmission: age �60 years (OR 14.6; P = 0.04) and G-CSF avoidance plus corticosteroids (OR 0.07; P = 0.05. G-CSF avoidance and corticosteroid prophylaxis post ASCT minimize the incidence of NF in MM patients undergoing at-home ASCT. This approach should be explored in a prospective randomized clinical trial
Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs).
Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Cytochemical and biochemical evidences for a complex tridimensional structure of the hamster zona pellucida
Zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular
matrix that surrounds eggs and pre-implantation
embryos and is required for in vivo fertility. A key event
in successful fertilization is sperm binding to the surface
of the ZP. It has been previously described that the
hamster sperm binds mainly the outer region of the ZP
which corresponds to the porous region in contact with
the cumulus cells. Using ultrastructural cytochemistry
approaches with an antibody developed against porcine
ZP, this study shows that the pig ZP shares epitopes with
some rodent species like hamster, rat and mouse. In the
hamster, these epitopes are located mainly in the outer
region of the ZP of preovulatory and ovulated oocytes.
By means of biochemical approaches it was
demonstrated that 1) the antibody is specific for the
native hamster ZP3, 2) four different bands with a
molecular weight of 67, 60, 48 and 38 kDa after Nlinked
deglycosylation suggesting that the hamster ZP is
formed by four proteins, and 3) the different composition
observed in the outer region of the hamster ZP could be
due to a specific supramolecular structure that makes
some epitopes accessible for the antibodies. In summary,
this study provides evidence that the different composition observed in the different regions of the ZP
is mediated by a different organization of the
components of the ZP produced during the oocyte
maturation. This different organization could be
responsible for the different sperm binding affinity
observed for sperm to the outer region versus the inner
region of the ZP
A new big data triclustering approach for extracting three-dimensional patterns in precision agriculture
Precision agriculture focuses on the development of site-specific harvest considering the variability of each crop area.
Vegetation indices allow the study and delineation of different characteristics of each field zone, generally invisible to the
naked-eye. This paper introduces a new big data triclustering approach based on evolutionary algorithms. The algorithm
shows its capability to discover three-dimensional pat-terns on the basis of vegetation indices from vine crops. Different
vegetation indices have been tested to find different patterns in the crops. The results reported using a vineyard crop
located in Portugal depicts four areas with different moisture stress particularities that can lead to changes in the
management of the vineyard. Furthermore, scalability studies have been performed, showing that the proposed algorithm
is suitable for dealing with big datasets.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2020-117954RBJunta de Andalucía PY20-00870Junta de Andalucía UPO-138516Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) UIDB/00066/202
Collection de contes de chimie et de génétique pour la promotion de nouvelles vocations scientifiques
Se han escrito diez narraciones que incluyen contenidos básicos de Química y de Genética. Su lectura y reflexión podrá clarificar conceptos que, en ocasiones, se aprenden sin entender su verdadero significado y, tal entendimiento, podrá contribuir a incrementar el interés por la ciencia y al fomento de nuevas vocaciones científicas.Ten stories have been written that include basic contents of Chemistry and Genetics. Its reading and reflection will be able to clarify concepts that, at times, are learned without understanding their true meaning and, such understanding, may contribute to increasing interest in science and promoting new scientific vocations.Dix histoires ont été écrites qui incluent le contenu de base de la chimie et de la génétique. Sa lecture et sa réflexion permettront de clarifier des concepts qui, parfois, s'apprennent sans en comprendre le vrai sens et, cette compréhension, peuvent contribuer à accroître l'intérêt pour la science et à promouvoir de nouvelles vocations scientifiques.Depto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte
Easix Score Correlates With Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers and Predicts Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Transplantation
Plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been postulated for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). However, their use is not validated in clinical practice yet. The endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX), a simple score based on routine laboratory parameters, is considered to be an indirect marker of endothelial damage. High value of EASIX was correlated with worse non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) and a high risk of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) and transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA).This study investigates the predictive value of plasma biomarkers and the EASIX score for the prediction of aGVHD.We assessed VCAM-1, TNFR1, and VWF:Ag plasma levels, and EASIX score before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and on days 0, +3, +7, +14, and +21 in an experimental cohort (n=33). EASIX was transformed to a base-2 logarithm to perform the analysis. For the most relevant biomarkers, we estimate the optimal cut-off values and the discriminatory ability to differentiate patients with high-risk of aGVHD. The conclusions obtained in the experimental cohort were validated in a large cohort of 321 patients at the same institution.Plasma biomarkers and EASIX showed similar post-transplant dynamics consisting of a progressive increase. Multivariate analysis showed an association between high TNFR1 levels and Log-2 EASIX score on day +7 post-transplant with an increased likelihood of developing aGVHD (HR 1, P=0.002; HR 2.31, P=0.013, respectively). Patients with TNFR1 ≥1300 ng/mL (HR 7.19, P=0.006) and Log2-EASIX ≥3 (HR 14.7, P<0.001) at day +7 post-transplant were more likely to develop aGVHD with high predictive accuracy (C-index of 74% and 81%, respectively). In the validation cohort, patients with Log2-EASIX ≥ 3 on day +7 post-transplant presented a significantly higher incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD (HR 1.94, P=0.004) independent of GVHD prophylaxis (HR 0.38, P=0.004), conditioning regimen (HR 0.59, P=0.02) and type of donor (HR 2.38, P=0.014).Differential degree of endothelial damage can be measured using both EASIX score and plasma biomarkers in the early post-transplant period. Patients at risk of developing aGVHD could be easily identified by a high EASIX score. Both indicators of endothelial activation represent a promising approach to predict aGVHD.Published by Elsevier Inc