22 research outputs found
Evaluation of bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions in Terai districts of Nepal
Thirty four percent of the total wheat cultivated area is under rain-fed condition in Nepal and that of the Terai is nineteen percent. The objective of this study was to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties of wheat for timely sown rain-fed environments. Coordinated Varietal trial (CVT) was carried out in normal wheat growing season during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The research was conducted at five locations (Rampur, Bhairahawa, Doti, Jitpur and Nepalgunj) of five research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) throughout the Terai region in alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on different yield attributing traits were recorded. In the CVT-TTL 2016/17 highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was found for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight and significant difference (p<0.05) for grain yield. The highest grain yield was observed in NL 1326 (2954 kg/ha) which was followed by NL 1327 (2819 kg/ha), NL 1211 (2719 kg/ha), NL1202 (2683 kg/ha), BL 4707 (2654 kg/ha) and BL 4708 (2652 kg/ha). Similarly, in CVT-TTL 2017/18, highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was observed for the days to heading, days to maturity and plant height and non-significant different for number of grains per spike, grain yield and TGW. However, Genotype by Environment (G x E) was found highly significant (p<0.01) for the days to heading, plant height, grain yield and TGW and significant different (p<0.05) for number of grains per spike. The highest grain yield was obtained in NL1322 (2305 kg/ha) which was followed by NL1369 (2287 kg/ha), NL 1202 (2205 kg/ha), BL 4708 (2197 kg/ha) and BL 4820 (2118 kg/ha). Among these tested genotypes BL 4708, NL 1202, NL 1211, NL 1307, NL 1327 and NL 1369 are recommended for the coordinated farmer's field trial for further verification and release as variety
An Extensive Catalog of Early-type Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe: Morphology and Environment
We present an extensive catalog of 5405 early-type dwarf (dE) galaxies
located in the various environments, i.e., clusters, groups and fields, of the
local universe ( 0.01). The dEs are selected through visual inspection
of the Legacy survey's -- combined tri-color images. The inspected
area, covering a total sky area of 7643 deg, encompasses two local
clusters, Virgo and Fornax, 265 groups, and the regions around 586 field
galaxies of 21 mag. The catalog aims to be one of the most
extensive and publicly accessible collections of data on dE, despite its
complex completeness limits that may not accurately represent its statistical
completeness. The strength of the catalog lies in the morphological
characteristics, including nucleated, tidal, and ultradiffuse dE. The two
clusters contribute nearly half (2437 out of 5405) dEs, and the 265 groups
contribute 2103 dEs. There are 864 dEs in 586 fields, i.e., ~1.47 dEs per
field. Using a standard definition commonly used in literature, we identify 100
ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), which take ~2% of the dE population. We find
that 40% of our sample dEs harbor a central nucleus, and among the UDG
population, a majority, 79%, are nonnucleated. About 1.3 of dEs suffer from
ongoing tidal disturbance by nearby massive galaxies, and only 0.03% show the
sign of recent dwarf-dwarf mergers. The association between dEs and their
nearest bright neighbor galaxies suggests that dEs are more likely created
where their neighbors are non-star-forming ones.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Multiphoton Quantum Optics and Quantum State Engineering
We present a review of theoretical and experimental aspects of multiphoton
quantum optics. Multiphoton processes occur and are important for many aspects
of matter-radiation interactions that include the efficient ionization of atoms
and molecules, and, more generally, atomic transition mechanisms;
system-environment couplings and dissipative quantum dynamics; laser physics,
optical parametric processes, and interferometry. A single review cannot
account for all aspects of such an enormously vast subject. Here we choose to
concentrate our attention on parametric processes in nonlinear media, with
special emphasis on the engineering of nonclassical states of photons and
atoms. We present a detailed analysis of the methods and techniques for the
production of genuinely quantum multiphoton processes in nonlinear media, and
the corresponding models of multiphoton effective interactions. We review
existing proposals for the classification, engineering, and manipulation of
nonclassical states, including Fock states, macroscopic superposition states,
and multiphoton generalized coherent states. We introduce and discuss the
structure of canonical multiphoton quantum optics and the associated one- and
two-mode canonical multiphoton squeezed states. This framework provides a
consistent multiphoton generalization of two-photon quantum optics and a
consistent Hamiltonian description of multiphoton processes associated to
higher-order nonlinearities. Finally, we discuss very recent advances that by
combining linear and nonlinear optical devices allow to realize multiphoton
entangled states of the electromnagnetic field, that are relevant for
applications to efficient quantum computation, quantum teleportation, and
related problems in quantum communication and information.Comment: 198 pages, 36 eps figure
Adherence to hypertension management and lifestyle modifications in patient attending general practice outpatient department in tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal
Background: Hypertension is a huge problem worldwide. It should be managed with a combination of lifestyle modifications and medication. The objective was to find out the level of understanding of hypertensive patients regarding lifestyle modifications; to find their level of application in their daily activities, and to study their effects on the management of hypertension.Methods: We conducted an observational study with hypertensive patients who presented to GOPD at BPKIHS. We assessed the level of knowledge of those patients with a structured survey. Patients were told about lifestyle modifications following Joint National Committee 7 Guidelines. Patients were reassessed using the same survey at 1 month and 3-month follow-up.Results: Among the 100 patients included, 6% had prehypertension and 94% had Stage 1 or 2 hypertension. Only 26% of patients knew about lifestyle modifications. After being told about lifestyle modifications, 89% stated that they had adopted them at follow-up. 68 patients came for 1-month follow-up and 51 patients for 3-month follow-up. There was significant weight reduction: Average weight loss 3.54 kg over 3 months (P < 0.001). At 1-month the percentage of subjects with controlled hypertension was 13.2% and at 3 months follow-up it fell to 2% (P < 0.001). 71% patientsâ blood pressure (BP) was controlled without medication at 1-month and 77% at 3 months.Conclusion: A minority of patients knew about lifestyle modifications. After counseling, their implementation was associated with weight reduction and improved control of BP. Good lifestyle counseling is a crucial and effective part of hypertension management
Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Rain-fed Conditions in Terai Districts of Nepal
Thirty four percent of the total wheat cultivated area is under rain-fed condition in Nepal and that of the Terai is nineteen percent. The objective of this study was to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties of wheat for timely sown rain-fed environments. Coordinated Varietal trial (CVT) was carried out in normal wheat growing season during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The research was conducted at five locations (Rampur, Bhairahawa, Doti, Jitpur and Nepalgunj) of five research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) throughout the Terai region in alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on different yield attributing traits were recorded. In the CVT-TTL 2016/17 highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was found for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight and significant difference (p<0.05) for grain yield. The highest grain yield was observed in NL 1326 (2954 kg/ha) which was followed by NL 1327 (2819 kg/ha), NL 1211 (2719 kg/ha), NL1202 (2683 kg/ha), BL 4707 (2654 kg/ha) and BL 4708 (2652 kg/ha). Similarly, in CVT-TTL 2017/18, highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was observed for the days to heading, days to maturity and plant height and non-significant different for number of grains per spike, grain yield and TGW. However, Genotype by Environment (G x E) was found highly significant (p<0.01) for the days to heading, plant height, grain yield and TGW and significant different (p<0.05) for number of grains per spike. The highest grain yield was obtained in NL1322 (2305 kg/ha) which was followed by NL1369 (2287 kg/ha), NL 1202 (2205 kg/ha), BL 4708 (2197 kg/ha) and BL 4820 (2118 kg/ha). Among these tested genotypes BL 4708, NL 1202, NL 1211, NL 1307, NL 1327 and NL 1369 are recommended for the coordinated farmer's field trial for further verification and release as variety