549 research outputs found
Odd-Order Aberration-Cancellation in Correlated-Photon Imaging
We discuss a correlated two-photon imaging apparatus that is capable of
producing images that are free of the effects of odd-order aberration
introduced by the optical system. We show that both quantum-entangled and
classically correlated light sources are capable of producing the desired
spatial-aberration cancelation
Analysis of the possibility of analog detectors calibration by exploiting Stimulated Parametric Down Conversion
Spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) has been largely exploited as a
tool for absolute calibration of photon-counting detectors, i.e detectors
registering very small photon fluxes. In [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 2185 (2006)]
we derived a method for absolute calibration of analog detectors using SPDC
emission at higher photon fluxes, where the beam is seen as a continuum by the
detector. Nevertheless intrinsic limitations appear when high-gain regime of
SPDC is required to reach even larger photon fluxes. Here we show that
stimulated parametric down conversion allow one to avoid this limitation, since
stimulated photon fluxes are increased by the presence of the seed beam.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Parametric down-conversion from a wave-equations approach: geometry and absolute brightness
Using the approach of coupled wave equations, we consider spontaneous
parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in the narrow-band regime and its
relationship to classical nonlinear processes such as sum-frequency generation.
We find simple expressions in terms of mode overlap integrals for the absolute
pair production rate into single spatial modes, and simple relationships
between the efficiencies of the classical and quantum processes. The results,
obtained with Green function techniques, are not specific to any geometry or
nonlinear crystal. The theory is applied to both degenerate and non-degenerate
SPDC. We also find a time-domain expression for the correlation function
between filtered signal and idler fields.Comment: 10 pages, no figure
Twin-photon techniques for photo-detector calibration
The aim of this review paper is to enlighten some recent progresses in
quantum optical metrology in the part of quantum efficiency measurements of
photo-detectors performed with bi-photon states. The intrinsic correlated
nature of entangled photons from Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
phenomenon has opened wide horizons to a new approach for the absolute
measurement of photo-detector quantum efficiency, outgoing the requirement for
conventional standards of optical radiation; in particular the simultaneous
feature of the creation of conjugated photons led to a well known technique of
coincidence measurement, deeply understood and implemented for standard uses.
On the other hand, based on manipulation of entanglement developed for Quantum
Information protocols implementations, a new method has been proposed for
quantum efficiency measurement, exploiting polarisation entanglement in
addition to energy-momentum and time ones, that is based on conditioned
polarisation state manipulation. In this review, after a general discussion on
absolute photo-detector calibration, we compare these different methods, in
order to give an accurate operational sketch of the absolute quantum efficiency
measurement state of the art
Quantum imaging of spin states in optical lattices
We investigate imaging of the spatial spin distribution of atoms in optical
lattices using non-resonant light scattering. We demonstrate how scattering
spatially correlated light from the atoms can result in spin state images with
enhanced spatial resolution. Furthermore, we show how using spatially
correlated light can lead to direct measurement of the spatial correlations of
the atomic spin distribution
Two-Photon Spiral Imaging with Correlated Orbital Angular Momentum States
The concept of correlated two-photon spiral imaging is introduced. We begin
by analyzing the joint orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum of correlated
photon pairs. The mutual information carried by the photon pairs is evaluated,
and it is shown that when an object is placed in one of the beam paths the
value of the mutual information is strongly dependent on object shape and is
closely related to the degree of rotational symmetry present. After analyzing
the effect of the object on the OAM correlations, the method of correlated
spiral imaging is described. We first present a version using parametric
downconversion, in which entangled pairs of photons with opposite OAM values
are produced, placing an object in the path of one beam. We then present a
classical (correlated, but non-entangled) version. The relative problems and
benefits of the classical versus entangled configurations are discussed. The
prospect is raised of carrying out compressive imaging via twophoton OAM
detection to reconstruct sparse objects with few measurements
Conditioned Unitary Transformation on biphotons
A conditioned unitary transformation ( polarization rotation) is
performed at single-photon level. The transformation is realized by rotating
polarization for one of the photons of a polarization-entangled biphoton state
(signal photon) by means of a Pockel's cell triggered by the detection of the
other (idler) photon after polarization selection. As a result, polarization
degree for the signal beam changes from zero to the value given by the idler
detector quantum efficiency. This result is relevant to practical realization
of various quantum information schemes and can be used for developing a new
method of absolute quantum efficiency calibration
Phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography
Quantum optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) offers a factor-of-two
improvement in axial resolution and the advantage of even-order dispersion
cancellation when it is compared to conventional OCT (C-OCT). These features
have been ascribed to the non-classical nature of the biphoton state employed
in the former, as opposed to the classical state used in the latter.
Phase-conjugate OCT (PC-OCT), introduced here, shows that non-classical light
is not necessary to reap Q-OCT's advantages. PC-OCT uses classical-state signal
and reference beams, which have a phase-sensitive cross-correlation, together
with phase conjugation to achieve the axial resolution and even-order
dispersion cancellation of Q-OCT with a signal-to-noise ratio that can be
comparable to that of C-OCT.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Measuring the absolute photo detection efficiency using photon number correlations
We present two methods for determining the absolute detection efficiency of
photon-counting detectors directly from their singles rates under illumination
from a nonclassical light source. One method is based on a continuous variable
analogue to coincidence counting in discrete photon experiments, but does not
actually rely on high detector time resolutions. The second method is based on
difference detection which is a typical detection scheme in continuous variable
quantum optics experiments. Since no coincidence detection is required with
either method, they are useful for detection efficiency measurements of photo
detectors with detector time resolutions far too low to resolve coincidence
events.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, journal reference adde
Ghost imaging using homodyne detection
We present a theoretical study of ghost imaging based on correlated beams
arising from parametric down-conversion, and which uses balanced homodyne
detection to measure both the signal and idler fields. We analytically show
that the signal-idler correlations contain the full amplitude and phase
information about an object located in the signal path, both in the near-field
and the far-field case. To this end we discuss how to optimize the optical
setups in the two imaging paths, including the crucial point regarding how to
engineer the phase of the idler local oscillator as to observe the desired
orthogonal quadrature components of the image. We point out an inherent link
between the far-field bandwidth and the near-field resolution of the reproduced
image, determined by the bandwidth of the source of the correlated beams.
However, we show how to circumvent this limitation by using a spatial averaging
technique which dramatically improves the imaging bandwidth of the far-field
correlations as well as speeds up the convergence rate. The results are backed
up by numerical simulations taking into account the finite size and duration of
the pump pulse.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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