Developing Deadly Skies

The Canadian War Museum’s exhibition Deadly Skies – Air War, 1914-1918 examines the first air war from the perspective of nine international participants representing Canada, the United States, France, Great Britain, and Germany. Eschewing the romantic mythology of First World War aviation that focuses on the achievements of individual fighter pilots, the exhibition examines four key aspects of the air war: training, observation, bombing, and aerial combat. Adopting an interpretive approach that appeals to intergenerational audiences and that highlights personal experience in the war, the exhibition is presented as a series of life-sized graphic novels, supplemented with key artifacts, photos, audio clips, and videos. The historical and interpretative approaches together present a holistic and modern examination of the world’s first air war

The Essex Scottish Regiment in Operation Atlantic: What Went Wrong?

On 20–21 July 1944 the 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade was engaged in combat operations on Verrières Ridge south of Caen. Enemy resistance was stronger than expected and teh Canadian attack was met by strong German counterattacks supported by armour. During the course of the battle, two units, the Essex Scottish Regiment and the South Saskatchewan Regiment were driven back. In the aftermath of the battle the Essex Scottish Regiment and their commanding officer were criticized for their poor performance. This article examines the battle in an attempt to understand who was to blame. Lieutenant–Colonel B.J.S. MacDonald, the commanding officer of the Essex Scots, was fired for his role in the battle, but this article posits that Brigadier Hugh A. Young bears the greater share of responsibility for the operation’s failure

Strict Liability in Cycling Laws to Ready the Roads for Environmentally Friendly Commuting

Because automobiles cause harmful effects on the environment, the United States should encourage bicycling as an alternative means of transportation to automobiles. Many Americans elect not to cycle as a means of transportation out of fear of a collision with an automobile. Such collisions can be devastating physically and financially, and yet, after a bicycle-automobile collision, cyclists often bear the burden of proving negligence in a suit against the driver, and are often left without a remedy for their injuries. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, use a form of strict liability in lawsuits concerning bicycle-automobile collisions, which shifts the cost of such accidents to automobile drivers. U.S. courts should apply strict liability—as currently used in U.S. tort law—to collisions between cyclists and automobiles. Shifting the cost of bicycle-automobile accidents to automobile drivers will even out the consequences between cyclists and drivers, encouraging drivers to drive more safely, creating safer roads, and encouraging cycling—an environmentally friendly method of transportation—in place of driving a carbon emitting automobile

Liquid-Crystal Blazed-Grating Beam Deflector

A transmission-type nonmechanical multiple-angle beam-steering device that uses liquid-crystal blazed grating has been developed. Sixteen steering angles with a contrast ratio of 18 has been demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the liquid-crystal and poly(methyl methacrylate) blazed-grating deflector was carried out to provide guidance during the deflector’s development. A manufacturing offset compensation technique is proposed to improve the device’s performance greatly. A hybrid approach utilizing electrically generated blazed grating combined with the cascading approach described here yields in excess of 500 deflecting angles

Gadamer on Hegel: ‘Taking Finitude Seriously’ and ‘The Unbreakable Circle of Reflection’

Three of the major schools of contemporary continental thought — critical theory, poststructuralism and philosophical hermeneutics — are alike, despite the manifold differences which distinguish them, in criticizing and rejecting the traditional aim of modern philosophy: Our Cartesian legacy as defined by the ideal of an autonomous, fully transparent, self-legitimating standpoint of reason as a standpoint attainable by the reflective ego, consciousness or thinking self. To a degree, this common point also marks the importance, for them, of Hegel. All can be said to be involved in a love/hate relationship with him. Both the negative and positive impact of Hegel on critical theory is clearly acknowledged, at least by Habermas. More intriguing is the self-understanding of Hegel\u27s influence on post-structuralism as expressed by Foucault: … our age, whether through logic or epistemology, whether through Marx or Nietzsche, is attempting to flee Hegel. … But truly to escape Hegel involves an exact appreciation of the price we have to pay to detach ourselves from him. It assumes that we are aware of the extent to which Hegel, insidiously perhaps, is close to us; it implies a knowledge, in that which permits us to think against Hegel, of that which remains Hegelian. We have to determine the extent to which our anti-Hegelianism is possibly one of his tricks directed against us, at the end of which he stands, motionless, waiting for us

Land Grant Application- Maker, Burton (Harwich)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office for Burton Maker for service in the Revolutionary War.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_mass/1224/thumbnail.jp

Swimming Away from the Zone of Reasonableness: \u3cem\u3eUpper Blackstone\u3c/em\u3e and the Need for Numeric Water Quality Criteria

In Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit upheld NPDES permit pollution limits for Massachusetts’s Blackstone River. The court deferred to the EPA’s permit limits under the Administrative Procedure Act’s arbitrary and capricious standard. Courts usually defer to an agency’s permit limits unless a court finds that the limits are outside a zone of reasonableness. States have an option of creating specific numeric water quality criteria for bodies of water within the state, vague narrative criteria, or both. This Comment argues that states should create numeric water quality criteria. Numeric criteria will communicate the state’s water quality goals more clearly to EPA permit writers. With the relevant information, permit writers will be able to create appropriate effluent limits in the first instance, which is important because courts rarely overturn the EPA’s permit limits