Impact of 24-hour Postural Care in Management of Scoliosis, Windswept Deformity, Hip Dislocation, and Subluxation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review

Cerebral Palsy (CP) describes various challenges with movement and coordination caused by early brain damage which does not progress with age. CP is a lifelong condition and is usually associated with secondary complications across the lifespan. This review aims to explore the impact of twenty-four-hour postural care in prevention and management of secondary complications such as scoliosis, windswept deformity and hip dislocation or subluxation in children with cerebral palsy. The studies published between 2014 and 2025, in English language in databases PubMed and Google Scholar were included. 19 studies were reviewed which indicated use of postural care and control in preventing subsequent issues such as hip dislocation, contractures, windswept deformities, and scoliosis. Supported standing, weight-bearing exercises, and neurodevelopmental treatment were among the interventions that have been shown to increase comfort, involvement, and caring ease. Postural management has been shown to improve alignment, decrease hip migration, and thereby increase functional independence. While proactive and early postural control is encouraging overall, more research is needed to determine how best to use it and what will be its long-term effects. There seems to be a lacunae of information regarding use of 24 hour postural care in preventing complications in children with CP, what protocol to follow and addressing the most vulnerable CP children with severe motor deficits. A key component of long-term postural care will also be incorporating caregiver education and adjustments to everyday routines. All measures and ways which can help to prevent or prolong the incidence of secondary complications in individuals with CP are supposed to have a positive impact on the life of individuals and their family

Immediate Effects of Early Chest Physiotherapy on Hemodynamic and Ventilatory Parameters in Mechanically Ventilated Adult Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention in intensive care units (ICUs); however, prolonged ventilation increases the risk of ventilator-associated complications. Early chest physiotherapy (CPT) has been suggested to improve lung compliance, secretion clearance, and hemodynamic stability in patients on mechanical ventilation. However, few studies have evaluated their immediate effects. Objective: The objective is to determine the immediate effects of early CPT on hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters in mechanically ventilated adult patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre–post study was conducted on 50 mechanically ventilated adults admitted to the ICU. Participants received early CPT, including manual percussion, vibration, manual hyperinflation, and endotracheal suctioning, for 3 consecutive days. Hemodynamic (heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, SpO2) and ventilatory (compliance, resistance, and peak inspiratory pressure [PIP]) parameters were recorded pre- and post-intervention each day. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v20 with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Early CPT significantly improved ventilatory parameters, including compliance (P < 0.05), reduced resistance (P < 0.05), and PIP (P < 0.05). SpO2 showed a significant increase post-CPT, whereas the respiratory rate significantly decreased. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Early CPT leads to immediate improvements in lung dynamics and hemodynamic stability in mechanically ventilated adults, without causing adverse effects. These findings highlight the importance of early physiotherapy interventions in ICUs

To Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Cases of Spinal Cord Injury by Screening Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Dyslipidemia – Prospective Study

Aim: To assess cardiovascular risk in spinal cord injury (SCI) by screening IGT and dyslipidemia. Purpose: With advances in acute care and management of septicemia, renal failure, pneumonia, and Cardiovascular complication is the leading cause of death in SCI. Physical inactivity, increased abdominal fat promotes insulin resistance and dyslipidemia promoting cardio vascular morbidity. Methodology: The sample size of 100 is considered with inclusion and exclusion criteria defined for SCI cases Parameters considered are (a) Fasting lipid profile, (b) HbA1C, (c) OGTT. Results: Based on the analysis, patients had hypo as well as hyperglycemia in addition to dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities act as a multiplier effect for increasing the CV risk

Impact of Lockdown Restrictions on Mental Well-being in Adult Population not Infected with Covid-19

The worldwide effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to considerable physical and psychological strain. To curb the transmission of the virus, India implemented a nationwide lockdown, which created new challenges to mental health. The objective of this research is to investigate the mental health challenges faced by individuals in India during the nationwide lockdown. A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 participants in the physiology department of MGM Medical College and Hospital. The study used the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 questionnaire to assess participants’ levels of depression, anxiety, and stress before and during the lockdown in two age groups: 19–30 and 31–50 years. The results indicated a significant increase in depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the lockdown compared to before it. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown had a profound negative impact on the mental health of the participants

Management of Complex Trans sphincteric Fistula in Ano with Distal Fistulectomy with Proximal Staged Fistulotomy using Ksharasutra: A Case Study

According to Sushruta Samhita, Bhagandar is one of the Ashta Mahagada. Because of its recurrent nature, this condition is more challenging to cure. Ksharasutra has already demonstrated efficacy in treating fistula-in-Ano. In this case report, a 42-year-old male patient had complaints of pain at the perianal region, boil at the perianal region with pus discharge for 1 year. On examination, external opening is present at 3 o’ clock position, and an internal opening is at 6 o’clock position. Induration palpated from 3 to 6 o’ clock position. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) revealed trans-sphincteric fistula-in-ano. Patient underwent partial fistulectomy with ksharasutra application under sadal block. After 2 weeks, two Ksharasutra placed in external fistulous tracts were removed when the track got healthy, and the one connected with the external opening was changed weekly once by the railroad method. Within 7 weeks, the wound was healed completely and without any recurrence

Orthorexia Nervosa: A Critical Review of an Emerging Disordered Eating Pattern

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an emerging and controversial eating behavior characterized by an unhealthy obsession with consuming only foods perceived as healthy or pure. Although not yet officially recognized in diagnostic manuals, ON has garnered growing attention from researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals due to its increasing prevalence, especially among health-conscious populations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ON by examining its conceptual evolution, diagnostic challenges, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches. An in-depth search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to synthesize current findings on the epidemiology, psychological and sociocultural determinants, and assessment tools used to identify ON. The review highlights the overlap between ON and other eating or obsessive-compulsive disorders, emphasizing the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and validated assessment instruments. Despite its focus on health, ON can lead to severe nutritional deficiencies, psychological distress, and social isolation. The findings underscore the importance of increased awareness among healthcare professionals and the development of targeted interventions. Further research is needed to establish ON as a distinct clinical entity and to inform effective prevention and treatment strategies

Ayurvedic Management of Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder) – A Systemic Review

Avabahuka, commonly known as frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis, is a musculoskeletal disorder, which is primarily attributed to the vitiation of Vata Dosha, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. The prevalence rate of frozen shoulder is 2–5% in the general population, with a higher incidence in over the age of 40 years. Our Acharya’s described the various treatment approaches in Samhitas, which pacify Vata Dosha and alleviate symptoms of Avabahuka. This review article summarizes research on Avabahuka (frozen shoulder) management through Ayurvedic interventions. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Ayush Research Portal, J-Gate, and Shodhganga, for relevant articles published between January 2000 and December 2024. The search focused on studies evaluating the efficacy of Ayurvedic management for Avabahuka. Included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, before-and-after studies, and single-group clinical studies assessing various Ayurvedic modalities. Despite many studies remaining unpublished (gray literature), evidence-based medicine is crucial for optimal patient care. We reviewed 241 studies (January 2000–December 2024) from various search engines. Among these, 85 studies involved clinical interventions. This review highlights the efficacy of various Ayurvedic interventions in managing Avabahuka by alleviating pain, stiffness, and restoring mobility, and emphasizes the need for further evidence-based research

Influence of Age on Orofacial Functions and the Perception of Sleep Disorders Associated with Obese Individuals

Background: This comparative observational study investigated the impact of age on orofacial functions and the perception of sleep disorders in obese individuals. Methods: 48 obese individuals aged 7–40 years, divided into three groups: Group I (7–11 years, n = 16), Group II (12–20 years, n = 16), and Group III (21–40 years, n = 16). All participants had full dentition, except Group I, which had mixed dentition, and none had temporomandibular dysfunction. Masseter and temporalis muscles were evaluated using a wireless electromyograph, while lip, tongue, and cheek pressures were measured with the Iowa oral pressure instrument. Molar bite force was assessed using a dynamometer, muscle thickness with portable ultrasound, and occlusal force contacts between hemiarches with digital occlusal analysis. Participants’ perceptions of snoring, apnea, and bruxism were evaluated through a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, and Chi-square test (P < 0.05). Results: Significant differences in normalized electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles were noted across groups, with Group I showing higher muscle activation during mandibular tasks and lower bite force. Group I also exhibited slightly lower muscle thickness and significantly higher lip pressure compared to other groups. No significant differences were found in occlusal contacts between hemiarches among the groups. Conclusion: Associations were found between groups and sleep disturbances: snoring (moderate), apnea (very weak), and bruxism (weak). In obese individuals, age shapes orofacial functions and sleep disorder perception, with variations in masseter and temporal muscle function, lip pressure, and snoring perception

The Use of Mannose-Binding Lectin as a Predictive Signal for Renal Decline in Non-Hypertensive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Males

Introduction: Mannose-binding lectin is a macromolecule of the innate immune system that provides a third pathway of complement system activation from the protein subfamily called the collectins, it can primarily respond to pathogens that have sugar receptors on cell membranes to mediate phagocytic activity. Methods: 82 type 1 male patients were enrolled in this study as well as 21 healthy control persons, information collected from patients by questionnaire age, body mass index (BMI), duration of disease, chronic diseases, and blood collected for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), serum creatinine, and mannan-binding lectin (MBL) measurements, and glomerular filtration rate was calculated using equation dependent on serum creatinine. Results: It shows a significant decrease in BMI in patients’ group as compared with control group; also, there was an increase in FBS, HbA1c, and MBL in patients’ groups as compared with control group. There was a positive correlation between MBL and BMI. Conclusion: We conclude that MBL was increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and may be an early sign of renal disease; also, there was an effect of obesity on the increase of MBL in those patients. Conclusion: The mannose-binding lectin may be used as an early diagnostic index for renal decline and the elevation of this protein is related to an increase in body weight

Clinical Significance of Trimarma: Sira, Hridaya and Vasti Marma

Marma is a vital point in the human body where there is Sannipaat of Mamsa, sira, snayu, asthi, and sandhi according to acharya Shushrut. This point when exposed to trauma generates effects, like pain and even extreme effect such as death. Acharya Shushruta explained 107 marma points in the human body. Acharya Charak also speak out the same number but he dealt with its clinical significance in “Trimarmeeya Chikitsa Adhyaya” and “Trimarmeeya siddhi Adhyaya” and he elongated only 3 of them which are Trimarma – Shira, Hridaya, vasti. These marmas are seats of Prana and sadyapranahara in nature and represent 3 different regions of the body, which are the neurological, cardiovascular, and excretory systems. The present paper is an effort made to understand and explain the clinical importance of these Trimarma in chikitsa