CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT MARUTHI PULVERISERS, CHITRADURGA, KARNATAKA

Worldwide utilization designs are impractical. Clearly proficiency gains and innovative advances are not sufficiently adequate to support worldwide utilization. In this way, shoppers need to zero in on economical utilization, while organizations coordinate practices on feasible creation. The reason for this study was to look at customers' purchasing conduct and shoppers' demeanor on manageable creation and utilization in the food and refreshment area. The hypothetical foundation of the review depended on the ideas of customer purchasing conduct, supportability and feasible turn of events. The observational piece of the review was led by a quantitative exploration technique. The information assortment was carried out through an organized web-based survey that was planned to examine a general purchaser purchasing conduct and respondents' inspiration on moving its dog lease purchasing conduct towards economical food decisions. The exploration discoveries showed a positive inspiration and mentality of customers to conform to more practical utilization designs and their eagerness to add to the supportability progress as a person. It has been distinguished that buyers should make towards brands, which conveys execution in view of manageability. Because of limits in the explored populace among understudies in Finland and geological area, there are different conceivable outcomes to concentrate on the analyzed subject with future executions of the examinatio

Rabies Virus Infection in Domestic Buffaloes and Wild Animals in India

Rabies is one of the most significant diseases in India with severe health implication to humans, domestic and wild animals. In the present study, four concomitant incidents of rabies related deaths were recorded in the western province of India, Gujarat during 2012 - 2014. Brain samples were collected from two buffaloes, nilgai, and mongoose during these incidents and rabies virus was identified from these samples. Further genetic relationship of these isolates was determined and the rabies virus transmission among the wild and domestic mammals was established. Molecular epidemiology based on the glycoprotein ecto-domain and complete nucleoprotein gene showed that all the four isolates belonged to Arctic-like 1 lineage which is predominant in India. Phylogenetic analysis and time scaled evolutionary tree analysis indicated that the wild animals are playing an important role in the maintenance and also transmission of the rabies virus in India

Abundances of the elements in the solar system

A review of the abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements and their nuclides in the solar nebula and in chondritic meteorites. Abundances of the elements in some neighboring stars are also discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 11 tables, 8 figures, chapter, In Landolt- B\"ornstein, New Series, Vol. VI/4B, Chap. 4.4, J.E. Tr\"umper (ed.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 560-63

Ice Ice Baby: Improving Water Quantification of Hydrous Minerals by Cryofocussed Ion Beam and Cryo Vaccum Transfer to Atom Probe

No abstract available

Implicit Stochastic Optimization for deriving reservoir operating rules in semiarid Brazil

Este artigo investiga a aplicação de Otimização Estocástica Implícita (OEI) para determinar regras de operações mensais em um sistema de reservatórios localizado no nordeste semi-árido brasileiro. OEI emprega um modelo de otimização determinística para encontrar alocações ótimas do reservatório sob vários cenários possíveis de afluências e posteriormente constrói as regras a partir da análise deste conjunto de liberações ótimas. As políticas operacionais fornecem a alocação mensal do reservatório condicionada ao armazenamento no início do mês e a afluência prevista para o mês. Além da clássica análise de regressão, este estudo estabelece as regras por meio de uma estratégia de interpolação bidimensional. Após a sua identificação, as regras são aplicadas para operar o sistema sob novas realizações de afluências e mostram habilidade para produzir políticas semelhantes às obtidas a partir de otimização determinística tendo estas mesmas afluências como previsão perfeita.._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the application of Implicit Stochastic Optimization (ISO) to determine monthly operating rules for a reservoir system located in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil. ISO employs a deterministic optimization model to find optimal reservoir allocations under several possible inflow scenarios and later constructs the rules by analyzing the ensemble of these optimal releases. The operating policies provide the monthly reservoir release conditioned on the storage at the beginning of the month and the inflow predicted for the month. In addition to the classical regression analysis, this study establishes the rules by a two-dimensional interpolation strategy. After the rules are identified, they are applied to operate the system under new inflow realizations and show ability to produce policies similar to those obtained by deterministic optimization taking the same inflows as perfect forecasts

Association between Features of Spontaneous Late Preterm Labor and Late Preterm Birth

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between clinical and examination features at admission and late preterm birth. Study Design The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of singleton pregnancies at 34 0/7 to 36 5/7 weeks' gestation. We included women in spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes and compared them by gestational age at delivery (preterm vs. term). We calculated a statistical cut-point optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of initial cervical dilation and effacement at predicting preterm birth and used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with late preterm delivery. Results A total of 431 out of 732 (59%) women delivered preterm. Cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm was 60% sensitive and 68% specific for late preterm birth. Cervical effacement ≥ 75% was 59% sensitive and 65% specific for late preterm birth. Earlier gestational age at randomization, nulliparity, and fetal malpresentation were associated with late preterm birth. The final regression model including clinical and examination features significantly improved late preterm birth prediction (81% sensitivity, 48% specificity, area under the curve = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.75, and p -value < 0.01). Conclusion Four in 10 women in late-preterm labor subsequently delivered at term. Combination of examination and clinical features (including parity and gestational age) improved late-preterm birth prediction

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings: Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation: Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Soil gas radon emanometry: A tool for delineation of fractures for groundwater in granitic terrains

International audienceIn several arid and semi-arid hard rock areas of the world, overexploitation of groundwater has caused de-saturation of the phreatic weathered zone. Attempts are now underway to draw supplies from deeper fracture zones. But random drilling often fails to encounter such productive zones. Further, currently available hydrogeological and geophysical methods are of limited applicability. Alternative geochemical methods, employing soil gas 222radon (Rn) and helium (4He) have been explored but not investigated sufficiently.This paper reports the results of a systematic survey of 222Rn concentration in soil gas (at a depth of 60 and 160 cm) in a watershed located in a semi-arid granitic area in India. We were able to demarcate three high 222Rn anomalies, which were supplemented by 4He measurements. Drilling was carried out on the sites of these high 222Rn anomalies as well as on low 222Rn anomalies. The bore wells drilled at the site of high 222Rn concentration were found to be quite productive and those drilled on low 222Rn concentration sites were dry; those sites of the intermediate 222Rn concentrations had intermediate yields. These preliminary results suggest that 222Rn emanometry method may turn out to be useful. The method still needs to be investigated in detail and its usefulness in various settings still needs to be established on a statistical basis. We have made an attempt to understand the process that may cause such 222Rn anomalies. Our observations of 222Rn concentration in the soil gas and of 222Rn emanation rates from the soil and uranium concentrations in the soil indicate that fracturing of the rock, rather than advection of 222Rn from deeper strata may be responsible for such 222Rn anomalies