Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Butterfly Valve Performance Factors

Butterfly valves are commonly used in industrial applications to control the internal flow of both compressible and incompressible fluids. A butterfly valve typically consists of a metal disc formed around a central shaft, which acts as its axis of rotation. As the valve\u27s opening angle is increased from 0 degrees (fully closed) to 90 degrees (fully open), fluid is able to more readily flow past the valve. Characterizing a valve\u27s performance factors, such as pressure drop, hydrodynamic torque, flow coefficient, loss coefficient, and torque coefficient, is necessary for fluid system designers to account for system requirements to properly operate the valve and prevent permanent damage from occurring. This comparison study of a 48-inch butterfly valve\u27s experimental performance factors using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in an incompressible fluid at Reynolds numbers ranging approximately between 105 to 106 found that for mid-open positions (30-60 degrees), CFD was able to appropriately predict common performance factors for butterfly valves. For lower valve angle cases (10-20 degrees), CFD simulations failed to predict those same values, while higher valve angles (70-90 degrees) gave mixed results. (152 pages

The latch modulates nucleotide and DNA binding to the helicase-like domain of Thermotoga maritima reverse gyrase and is required for positive DNA supercoiling

Reverse gyrase is the only topoisomerase that can introduce positive supercoils into DNA in an ATP-dependent process. It has a modular structure and harnesses a helicase-like domain to support a topoisomerase activity, thereby creating the unique function of positive DNA supercoiling. The isolated topoisomerase domain can relax negatively supercoiled DNA, an activity that is suppressed in reverse gyrase. The isolated helicase-like domain is a nucleotide-dependent switch that is attenuated by the topoisomerase domain. Inter-domain communication thus appears central for the functional cooperation of the two domains. The latch, an insertion into the helicase-like domain, has been suggested as an important element in coordinating their activities. Here, we have dissected the influence of the latch on nucleotide and DNA binding to the helicase-like domain, and on DNA supercoiling by reverse gyrase. We find that the latch is required for positive DNA supercoiling. It is crucial for the cooperativity of DNA and nucleotide binding to the helicase-like domain. The latch contributes to DNA binding, and affects the preference of reverse gyrase for ssDNA. Thus, the latch coordinates the individual domain activities by modulating the helicase-like domain, and by communicating changes in the nucleotide state to the topoisomerase domain

Caracterización del nivel de conocimientos sobre ITS/VIH/SIDA en adolescentes. San Ramón. Granma

STI / HIV / AIDS are a major health problem worldwide, mainly in adolescents. This can be avoided with the application of the means to prevent them, taking into account the learning needs. It was diagnosed the level of knowledge on STIs / HIV / AIDS in adolescents of the Mixed Center "Juventino Reyes Alarcón" in San Ramon. It was performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 134 students and 32 teachers, diagnosing that there is insufficient knowledge. Teenagers do not have risk perception; and it is scarce the use of innovative teaching aids to facilitate learning in order to prevent these diseases. Determining the learning needs will enable managers and educators to organize the educational processes, in a way that the social and institutional interests are compatible with the individual interests. It was diagnosed that there is insufficient knowledge on STI / HIV / AIDS in adolescents of the Mixed Center "Juventino Reyes Alarcón"; with a low risk perception; and there is insufficient use of innovative teaching aids to facilitate learning in order to prevent these diseases.Las ITS/VIH/sida constituyen un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial, fundamentalmente en los adolescentes. Esto se puede evitar si se aplican medios que permitan prevenirlas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de aprendizaje. Se pudo diagnosticar el nivel de conocimientos sobre las ITS/VIH/sida que tienen los adolescentes del Centro Mixto “Juventino Alarcón Reyes” de San Ramón. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra de 134 alumnos y 32 docentes para diagnosticar que existen insuficientes conocimientos. Los adolescentes no tienen percepción del riesgo; así como que es insuficiente la utilización de medios didácticos novedosos para favorecer el aprendizaje con el fin de prevenirlas. La determinación de las necesidades de aprendizaje permitirá a los directivos y educadores organizar los procesos educacionales, de forma tal que permita compatibilizar los intereses sociales e institucionales con los individuales. Se pudo diagnosticar que existen insuficientes conocimientos sobre ITS/VIH/sida en los adolescentes del Centro Mixto “Juventino Alarcón Reyes”, baja percepción del riesgo; así como, que es insuficiente la utilización de medios didácticos novedosos para favorecer el aprendizaje con el fin de prevenirlas

Evaluación de propuesta educativa para contribuir a la prevención de las ITS/VIH/sida en los adolescentes

The social impact of information and communications technology (ICT) in the information society and knowledge has its fundamental contributions in Education, overturning the traditional ways of the teaching – learning process. That is why we must think differently in order to teach, and thus validate the educational proposal "ITSoft" to contribute to the prevention of STIs / HIV / AIDS in adolescents of the Miscellaneous Center "Juventino Reyes Alarcón" in San Ramon, Campechuela. The tools applied were the programs Flash 9.0, Adobe Photoshop CS3, and Microsoft Office Word 2003. For its validation there were taken into account the approach of users and experts in health promotion, HIV and Informatics. The universe was made by 407 users and 34 specialists, and a sample of 134 users and 25 specialists were selected. After visualizing the product it was found that 100% of users agreed that the educational proposal "ITSoft" was instructive, understandable and easy to navigate demonstrating its educational usefulness, and most of the experts rated two aspects as appropriate and four as quite appropriate. The development of multimedia products that support teaching constitutes an important activity in the prevention and strengthening of values, these products should help students to learn, acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes. The validation through the audience and experts criteria corroborated the feasibility and relevance of the educational proposal "ITSoft".El impacto social de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento tiene sus aportes fundamentales en la Educación, revolucionando las formas tradicionales de enseñanza – aprendizaje.  Es por ello que hay que pensar de manera diferente para poder enseñar, y así validar la propuesta educativa “ITSoft” para contribuir a la prevención de las ITS/VIH/sida en los adolescentes del Centro Mixto “Juventino Alarcón Reyes” de San Ramón, Campechuela. Se utilizaron como herramientas los programas Flash 9.0, Adobe Photoshop CS3, y Microsoft Office Word 2003. Para su validación se tuvo en cuenta el criterio de usuarios y de especialistas en promoción de salud, VIH y en Informática. El universo estuvo compuesto por 407 usuarios y 34 especialistas, de ellos se seleccionó una muestra de 134 usuarios y 25 especialistas. Se comprobó que luego de la visualización del producto el 100 % de los usuarios coincidió en que la propuesta educativa “ITSoft” es instructiva, comprensible y de fácil navegación lo que demuestra su utilidad pedagógica, y la mayoría de los especialistas valoraron dos aspectos de muy adecuado y cuatro de bastante adecuado. El desarrollo de productos multimedia de apoyo a la docencia, constituye una actividad importante en la prevención y fortalecimiento de los valores, estos productos deben ayudar al estudiante a aprender, adquirir conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes. La validación a través del criterio de audiencia y de expertos permitió corroborar la factibilidad y pertinencia de la propuesta educativa “ITSoft”

Discovering and linking public omics data sets using the Omics Discovery Index.

Biomedical data are being produced at an unprecedented rate owing to the falling cost of experiments and wider access to genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics platforms1, 2. As a result, public deposition of omics data is on the increase. This presents new challenges, including finding ways to store, organize and access different types of biomedical data stored on different platforms. Here, we present the Omics Discovery Index (OmicsDI; http://www.omicsdi.org), an open-source platform that enables access, discovery and dissemination of omics data sets

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT