Desenvolvimento e implementação de laboratórios STEM aplicados no ensino da biologia através de impressão 3D

The implementation of 3D printing facilitates teachers access to didactic material for classroom use; however, the development of an experimental practice in the STEM context goes beyond the construction of physical models and must be planned considering aspects such as transdisciplinarity. The proposal relates the processes of creation of 3D STEM simulators and concrete material (EXP) designed by Innovares and its field test in a private school in Itagüí, Colombia. The creation of the didactic material was focused on learning topics that, due to current limitations related to school experimental practices, tend to be worked on in the classroom mainly as theoretical components, such as population ecology, evolution or genetics. The development of these practices at primary and secondary school levels, have generated preliminary results after the pandemic and the return to face-to-face classes, improving the significant learning of the students and an increase in their collaborative work, at the same time that they have allowed to reduce the theoretical work time and increase the number of experimental practices in these topics.  La implementación de la impresión 3D facilita a los docentes el acceso a material didáctico para su uso en aula, sin embargo, el desarrollo de una práctica experimental en el contexto STEM, va más allá de la construcción de los modelos físicos y debe ser planificada considerando aspectos como la transdisciplinariedad. La propuesta relaciona los procesos de creación de simuladores 3D STEM y material concreto (EXP) diseñados por Innovares y su prueba de campo en un colegio privado de Itagüí, Colombia. La creación del material didáctico se enfocó a las temáticas de aprendizaje que, por las limitantes actuales relacionadas con las prácticas experimentales escolares, tienden a ser trabajadas en aula principalmente como componentes teóricos, como son la ecología de poblaciones, la evolución o la genética. El desarrollo de estas prácticas en niveles de básica primaria y secundaria, han generado resultados preliminares luego de la pandemia y el retorno a clases presenciales, mejorando el aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes y un aumento en el trabajo colaborativo de los mismos, al tiempo que han permitido disminuir el tiempo teórico de trabajo y aumentar el número de prácticas experimentales en estos temas.  A implementação da impressão 3D facilita aos docentes o acesso ao material didático para uso em sala de aula, porém, o desenvolvimento de uma prática experimental no contexto STEM, vai além da construção dos modelos físicos e deve ser planejada considerando aspectos como a transdisciplinaridade. A proposta relaciona os processos de criação de simuladores 3D STEM e material concreto (EXP) desenhados por Innovares e com teste de campo num colégio particular do Município de Itagüí, Colômbia. A criação do material didático foi focada nos tópicos de aprendizado que, pelas limitantes atuais relativas às práticas experimentais escolares, tendem a ser trabalhadas em sala de aula, principalmente como componentes teóricas, como a ecologia de populações, a evolução ou a genética. O desenvolvimento dessas práticas nos níveis do ensino fundamental e médio, tem gerado resultados preliminares logo após a pandemia e do retorno às aulas presenciais, melhorando significativamente o aprendizado dos alunos e aumentando o trabalho em colaboração, além de diminuir o tempo teórico do trabalho e aumentar o número de práticas experimentais nesses assuntos. &nbsp

Implementación y puesta en marcha de NethServer

En este documento encontrará el proceso de instalación y configuración del sistema operativo Nethserver en su versión 7.9.2009 en una máquina virtual. Se inicia con el proceso de instalación del sistema operativos y después se configuran cada uno de los servicios que le permitirán al sistema operativo llevar el control de los procesos que se manejan en la intranet a través de los servicios como DHCP, DNS, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy, Firewall, VPN, con el fin de mostrar también que es una buena opción para pequeñas y medianas empresas.In this document you will find the installation and configuration process of the Nethserver operating system in its version 7.9.2009 in a virtual machine. It starts with the installation process of the operating system and then each of the services that will allow the operating system to control the processes that are handled on the intranet through services such as DHCP, DNS, Domain Controller are configured. , Proxy, Firewall, VPN, in order to also show that it is a good option for small and medium-sized businesses

MEK inhibition enhances the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a key driver of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting FLT3 have been evaluated clinically, but their effects are limited when used in monotherapy due to the emergence of drug-resistance. Thus, a better understanding of drug-resistance pathways could be a good strategy to explore and evaluate new combinational therapies for AML. Here, we used phosphoproteomics to identify differentially-phosphorylated proteins in patients with AML and TKI resistance. We then studied resistance mechanisms in vitro and evaluated the efficacy and safety of rational combinational therapy in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in mice. Proteomic and immunohistochemical studies showed the sustained activation of ERK1/2 in bone marrow samples of patients with AML after developing resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, which was identified as a common resistance pathway. We examined the concomitant inhibition of MEK-ERK1/2 and FLT3 as a strategy to overcome drug-resistance, finding that the MEK inhibitor trametinib remained potent in TKI-resistant cells and exerted strong synergy when combined with the TKI midostaurin in cells with mutated and wild-type FLT3. Importantly, this combination was not toxic to CD34+ cells from healthy donors, but produced survival improvements in vivo when compared with single therapy groups. Thus, our data point to trametinib plus midostaurin as a potentially beneficial therapy in patients with AML.We are particularly indebted to all the patients who participated in the study. This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/02378 and PI16/01530) and the CRIS foundation. M.L. had a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FPDI-2013-016409) and holds a grant from the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy.S

Response of the human myocardium to ischemic injury and preconditioning: The role of cardiac and comorbid conditions, medical treatment, and basal redox status

Vàlvula aòrtica; Isquèmia; MiocardiVálvula aórtica; Isquemia; MiocardioAortic valve; Ischemia; MyocardiumBackground The diseased human myocardium is highly susceptible to ischemia/reoxygenation (I/R)-induced injury but its response to protective interventions such as ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) is unclear. Cardiac and other pre-existing clinical conditions as well as previous or ongoing medical treatment may influence the myocardial response to I/R injury and protection. This study investigated the effect of both on myocardial susceptibility to I/R-induced injury and the protective effects of IPreC. Methods and results Atrial myocardium from cardiac surgery patients (n = 300) was assigned to one of three groups: aerobic control, I/R alone, and IPreC. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, as a marker of cell injury, and cell viability were measured. The basal redox status was determined in samples from 90 patients. The response to I/R varied widely. Myocardium from patients with aortic valve disease was the most susceptible to injury whereas myocardium from dyslipidemia patients was the least susceptible. Tissue from females was better protected than tissue from males. Myocardium from patients with mitral valve disease was the least responsive to IPreC. The basal redox status was altered in the myocardium from patients with mitral and aortic valve disease. Conclusions The response of the myocardium to I/R and IPreC is highly variable and influenced by the underlying cardiac pathology, dyslipidemia, sex, and the basal redox status. These results should be taken into account in the design of future clinical studies on the prevention of I/R injury and protection.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS) [grant number 12/00119]

Predictors of right atrial dilatation and long-term function after right ventricular outflow tract surgical repair: Quantification of restrictive physiology matters

Right diastolic dysfunction; Right atrium function; Restrictive physiologyDisfunción diastólica derecha; Función de la aurícula derecha; Fisiología restrictivaDisfunció diastòlica dreta; Funció de l'aurícula dreta; Fisiologia restrictivaRight ventricular (RV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with a surgically-repaired RV outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction merits further studies. Right atrial (RA) dilation and function may be related to (RV) diastolic dysfunction in this setting. The end-diastolic forward flow (EDFF) in the pulmonary artery (PA) has been suggested as a non-invasive marker of poor RV compliance, however, there is controversy regarding its true significance; EDFF quantification may help elucidate this controversy. Objective to study predictors of RA enlargement and dysfunction in patients with a surgically-repaired RVOT obstruction and its relationship with quantitative EDFF. Methods In 81 consecutive patients (mean age: 37.5 (±7) years), transthoracic echocardiography (Echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed. Echo parameters: RA size (indexed RA area (iRAA)), RA function (RA global strain (RAGS)) and maximum EDFF velocity-time integral (VTI-EDFF) obtained during a whole respiratory cycle. CMR-indexed RA area (imRAA) was also obtained. Patients were divided into three groups according to iRAA, imRAA and RAGS; bivariate analysis was performed. A multivariate model was then applied using variables that were found to be statistically significant in the bivariate analysis. Results Upon multivariate analysis, higher VTI-EDFF values and the presence of significant tricuspid regurgitation proved to be independent factors associated with increased iRAA and imRAA and lower RAGS, whereas RV volumes, function and pulmonary regurgitant fraction were not. Conclusion VTI-EDFF linearly correlated with the degree of RA dilation and deformation; EDFF quantification as against qualitative assessment may be considered a non-invasive tool for diastolic RV dysfunction

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas