Estratégias de sustentabilidade no Solar Maias de Yucatan em Merida, no Mexico

El solar es una unidad territorial básica dentro de la tradición maya del Estado de Yucatán, donde se desarrollan múltiples y complejas interacciones sociales, económicas y ambientales. Debido a procesos de cambio culturales, sus elementos tradicionales han dejado de ser primordiales, alterando su equilibrio y modificando las relaciones que en él se dan. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las estrategias sociales, económicas y ambientales del solar que coadyuvan a la recuperación de la palma de guano (Sabal spp.) y de la vivienda vernácula. La zona de estudio se sitúa en el área periurbana de la zona metropolitana de Mérida. El análisis se realizó a través de unos indicadores de medios de vida. Los principales resultados muestran que la sustentabilidad del solar se favorece por la diversidad y asociaciones de los recursos naturales, entre otros. Al perderse éstos, se dificulta el desarrollo de medios de vida que sean sustentables. Este trabajo fue desarrollado como proyecto final del Diplomado de Especialista en Gestión Ambiental Urbana y aprobado el 30 de septiembre de 2011.The Solar is a basic territorial unit within the Maya tradition in the State of Yucatan, where multiple and complex social, economic and environmental interactions are developed. Due to processes of cultural change its traditional elements have stopped being primordial; thus, altering its equilibrium and modifying the relations set in it. The objective of this paper is to identify the social, economic and environmental strategies from the Solar that contribute to the recovery of the Guano Palm (Sabal spp.) and of the vernacular housing. The study area is located in the peri-urban region of the metropolitan area of Merida. The analysis was done through livelihood indicators. The main results show that the sustainability of the Solar is favored by the diversity and the associations of the natural resources, among others. When those are lost, the development of sustainable livelihoods becomes complicated. This paper was developed as a final project in the specialization course of Environmental Urban Management and approved on the 30th of September 2011.O solar é uma unidade territorial básica dentro da tradição maia de Yucatán, onde existem múltiplas e complexas interações sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Assim como os processos de mudança cultural, os elementos tradicionais já não são primários, perturbando o seu equilíbrio e mudando a relação que é dada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar quais os aspectos sociais, econômicos e as estratégias ambientais sustentáveis no solar que contribuem para a recuperação de guano de palma (Sabal spp.) e da habitação vernacular. A área de estudo situa-se na zona suburbana da região metropolitana de Mérida. A análise foi realizada por meio de indicadores de subsistência. Os principais resultados mostram que a sustentabilidade no solar é promovida, entre outros fatores, pela diversidade e associação dos recursos naturais. Quando isso é perdido se impede o desenvolvimento de meios de subsistência sustentáveis. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como um projeto final do curso de especialização em Gestão Ambiental Urbana e aprovado em 30 de setembro de 2011

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about interventions for vitamin D supplementation?

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D supplementation, its use remains controversial. The objective of this review was to identify and summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews regarding vitamin D supplementation for preventing or treating any clinical condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo. METHODS: A search was conducted to identify all Cochrane systematic reviews that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened by two authors. RESULTS: We included 27 Cochrane systematic reviews: 10 assessing use of vitamin D for prevention and 17 for treatment. The reviews found moderate to high quality of evidence regarding the benefit of vitamin D for pregnant women (prevention of adverse events: preterm birth risk [rate ratio, RR 0.3695% confidence interval, CI 0.14 to 0.93] and low birthweight risk [RR 0.4095% CI 0.24 to 0.67]) and for asthma patients (reduction of severe exacerbations [RR 0.6395% CI 0.45 to 0.88]). No benefit was found regarding vitamin D supplementation alone (without calcium) for preventing hip or any new fracture. For all other outcomes assessed under various conditions, the current quality of evidence is low or unknown, and therefore insufficient for any recommendation. CONCLUSION: Based on moderate to high quality of evidence, the Cochrane systematic reviews included here showed that there were some benefits from vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women and asthma patients and no benefits for preventing fractures.Univ Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Discipline Evidence Based Hlth, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo Unifesp, Postgrad Evidence Based Hlth Program, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCochrane Brazil, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Discipline Evidence Based Hlth, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo Unifesp, Postgrad Evidence Based Hlth Program, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries