Las audiencias mandan. ¿Escuchan los editores?

Este resumen es una adaptación del texto publicado por James Breiner en su blog (http://newsleaders.blogspot.com.es/) con motivode la conferencia pronunciada en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación el pasado 5 de diciembre de 20187El objeto de esta conferencia fue reflexionar sobre los nuevos modelos de negocio en el sector periodístico y especialmente, sobre el papel que juegan las audiencias en este modelo. Como conclusión, para el autor, "en el futuro, los medios periodísticos necesitan desarrollar una relación profunda con sus usuarios", y en este sentido, lo importante será no la cantidad de ojos en las audiencias sino la calidad de los usuarios, en varios sentidos--su lealtad al medio, la frecuencia de sus visitas, su identificación con la misión del medio. La audiencia debe ser más importante que la publicidad, y en este sentido, resulta importante para los medios desarrollar una conexión profunda con los usuarios para ganar su confianza y lealtad. Esta lealtad tiene un valor económico importante. Como ejemplo en España el conferenciante cita el caso de eldiario.es, un medio que ha monetizado esta confianza, con 22 mil usuarios que contribuyeron más de 1 millón de euros en el último año. La credibilidad es la nueva moneda del periodismo, y se manifiesta en muchas formas. Por ejemplo, hay 39 organizaciones en el mundo que hacen "fact-checking", la verificación de la información en los medios y en los discursos de los políticos y otras figuras públicas. Hay muchos ejemplos de medios de muchos países que han cultivado sus usuarios como una fuente importante de apoyo financiero, como por ejemplo: Mediapart, Francia; De Correspondent, Holland, etc.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Propio de Investigació

Spain’s «national character» in «The Economist»

The image of a country conveyed by the international media is increasingly important in a globalised and interdependent world. Some of these international outlets have a special role to play in this process, and the British weekly The Economist is certainly one of them. For more than a century and a half, the publication founded by James Wilson in 1843 has been a reference for politicians, opinion leaders and businessmen around the world. For this reason, it is of particular interest to understand the magazine’s special way of contextualising news events in different latitudes from the perspective of each country’s ‘national character.’ From this perspective, we analyze the image of Spain offered by The Economist throughout its history from the understanding of the interest that has always had for the professionals of the British weekly the interpretation of current affairs in the context of the so-called ‘national character’ of a country. After the thematic analysis of nine supplements on Spain published by the weekly between 1972 and 2018, six features have been highlighted that would consistently configure the ‘national character’ of this country for the weekly. These six traits are: a country in transition; a diverse country; a festive, hospitable and tolerant country; a country with an inefficient administration; a country with a weak economy; and an artistic and unscientific country. A better understanding of these stable features can be of great importance for better managing a country’s international projection

Journalism Expands in Spite of the Crisis: Digital-Native News Media in Spain

Digital-native news organizations have grown steadily in Spain since the mid-1990s and they have become established as a major force in the media market. Paradoxically, their biggest expansion coincided with the Great Recession (2008-2014). In fact, their numbers increased most during 2012-2013, when traditional media were cutting staff in response to the economic crisis, and unemployment rates in the media sector as a whole hit their peak. However, these digital-native news startups have yet to prove their sustainability and stability. This study uses our own database of 3,862 native and non-native digital news outlets in Spain and the Reuters Institute Digital News Report to analyze a number of characteristics of these media, such as the percentage that have gone inactive, the relative popularity of legacy brands vs. digital natives, multi-platform synergies, content subject matter, geographical location, ownership, and funding sources. Based on these quantitative parameters, this study reviews the structural strengths and weaknesses of digital-native media in the Spanish news market. Taking into account these findings, we conclude that the surge in digital-native news media observed in Spain during the Great Recession followed the pattern of creative destruction described by several economists

Some viable models for digital public-interest journalism

The supply of public interest journalism that serves the needs of citizens in a democratic society has always been scarce in the media marketplace when compared with sensationalism, gossip, entertainment, propaganda, and misinformation. This scarce commodity, whose market value lies in its credibility and depends on costly investments of time and money in professional research, has frequently required a subsidy, which for more than a century was provided by advertising. Now that this subsidy has mostly been devoured by technological platforms such as Google and Facebook, the industry and profession are developing new models focused on user needs and wants with a trend toward public service rather than profit. This paper uses deductive and critical methodologies to identify the most promising business models used by media companies to counteract the decline in public-interest journalism. Our proposal is that an appropriate business model can be the best way to revitalize media companies. The research is based on Chesbrough’s business model framework applied to 20 leading digital news publications from 16 countries. In addition, we analyze how Covid-19 has impacted those business models

Small-Scale Rack Testing of Wood-Frame Shear Walls

A series of racking tests were performed with small-scale (1.2-m X 1.2-m) plywood and OSB assemblies as a means of assessing the potential of reduced assembly sizes in screening variables for subsequent full-size tests. The plywood materials and configurations included variations in stud spacing, nailing, panel thickness and number, and addition of gypsum board. OSB assemblies differed in panel orientation and nailing. The framing used was KD Select Structural to minimize variations in fastening. Both of the standard assemblies (400-mm stud spacing) were also exposed to high relative humidity and effects of green framing. There were clear statistical differences between most plywood configurations, but the most prominent were for center-stud framing, and 9-mm-thick panels. The addition of gypsum board gave higher maximum load and greater stiffness, but the increased variability precluded finding significant differences with the basecase. OSB was significantly lower than plywood in most results. Moisture effects were minimal except for a greater deformation of OSB to the maximum load. The effect of green framing for the bottom plate was minimal

Journalism expands in spite of the crisis: digital-native news media in Spain

Digital-native news organizations have grown steadily in Spain since the mid-1990s and they have become established as a major force in the media market. Paradoxically, their biggest expansion coincided with the Great Recession (2008–2014). In fact, their numbers increased most during 2012–2013, when traditional media were cutting staff in response to the economic crisis, and unemployment rates in the media sector as a whole hit their peak. However, these digital-native news startups have yet to prove their sustainability and stability. This study uses our own database of 3,862 native and non-native digital news outlets in Spain and the Reuters Institute Digital News Report to analyze a number of characteristics of these media, such as the percentage that have gone inactive, the relative popularity of legacy brands vs. digital natives, multi-platform synergies, content subject matter, geographical location, ownership, and funding sources. Based on these quantitative parameters, this study reviews the structural strengths and weaknesses of digital-native media in the Spanish news market. Taking into account these findings, we conclude that the surge in digital-native news media observed in Spain during the Great Recession followed the pattern of creative destruction described by several economists

El ecosistema que viene

En 2011, Iñaki Gabilondo publicaba un libro de título cre- puscular: El fin de una época. Uno de los periodistas más presti- giosos de España entonaba en aquellas páginas una despedida si no a la profesión —en 2018 continúa analizando la actualidad en un videoblog de El País—, sí al menos a cierta forma de ejercerla. «El periodismo —escribía— está viviendo una verda- dera transición de una época a otra, la muerte de un ciclo y el nacimiento de otro. Estamos en pleno proceso de despedida del mundo que habíamos conocido para dirigirnos, aún de manera imprecisa, hacia ese nuevo universo complejísimo de lo digital y las nuevas conectividades» (Gabilondo, 2011: 149-150). En efecto, para cuando se escribían esas líneas, las tecnologías di- gitales no solo habían modificado las herramientas con las que nos informamos, sino que, apenas en un cuarto de siglo, habían transformado el periodismo en su integridad. Con ello, se han abierto tantas incógnitas como oportunidades. Al compás de los cambios tecnológicos, han evolucionado los lenguajes informativos, los procesos de trabajo en las redaccio- nes, los perfiles profesionales de los periodistas, las formas en las que estos se relacionan con la audiencia y, en definitiva, todos y cada uno de los ámbitos en los que se concreta la actividad periodística. Como resultado de esos cambios, tal y como reve- lan los capítulos anteriores, en España ha emergido un nuevo mercado periodístico

'Vernacular Voices: Black British Poetry'

ABSTRACT Black British poetry is the province of experimenting with voice and recording rhythms beyond the iambic pentameter. Not only in performance poetry and through the spoken word, but also on the page, black British poetry constitutes and preserves a sound archive of distinct linguistic varieties. In Slave Song (1984) and Coolie Odyssey (1988), David Dabydeen employs a form of Guyanese Creole in order to linguistically render and thus commemorate the experience of slaves and indentured labourers, respectively, with the earlier collection providing annotated translations into Standard English. James Berry, Louise Bennett, and Valerie Bloom adapt Jamaican Patois to celebrate Jamaican folk culture and at times to represent and record experiences and linguistic interactions in the postcolonial metropolis. Grace Nichols and John Agard use modified forms of Guyanese Creole, with Nichols frequently constructing gendered voices whilst Agard often celebrates linguistic playfulness. The borders between linguistic varieties are by no means absolute or static, as the emergence and marked growth of ‘London Jamaican’ (Mark Sebba) indicates. Asian British writer Daljit Nagra takes liberties with English for different reasons. Rather than having recourse to established Creole languages, and blending them with Standard English, his heteroglot poems frequently emulate ‘Punglish’, the English of migrants whose first language is Punjabi. Whilst it is the language prestige of London Jamaican that has been significantly enhanced since the 1990s, a fact not only confirmed by linguistic research but also by its transethnic uses both in the streets and on the page, Nagra’s substantial success and the mainstream attention he receives also indicate the clout of vernacular voices in poetry. They have the potential to connect with oral traditions and cultural memories, to record linguistic varieties, and to endow ‘street cred’ to authors and texts. In this chapter, these double-voiced poetic languages are also read as signs of resistance against residual monologic ideologies of Englishness. © Book proposal (02/2016): The Cambridge History of Black and Asian British Writing p. 27 of 4