Existence theorems for 90o vortex-vortex scattering

The scattering of magnetic flux tubes in superconductors is studied First, we introduce the Abehan-Higgs model, which describes vortices in a superconductor, and the Euler-Lagrange equations which minimize the energy density given by this model Static vortex solutions satisfying these equations are reviewed. A technique proposed by on Manton [1] in which slowly changing solutions are approximated by a special family of time-independent solutions is described. Time-dependent solutions over small intervals are also studied Then the existence and the symmetries of the time-dependent solutions are studied. This analysis rules out all cases other than 0°, 90° or 180° scattenng of two vortices The proof of the Cauchy-Kowalewskyi theorem for a system of first order quasi-linear partial differential equations of (n+1) independent variables and m unknown functions is given. The Taylor expansion of the initial data near the origin is studied. The Cauchy Kowalewskyi theorem is applied to find the solutions of the time-dependent Euler-Lagrange equations near the origin. This study proves that our solution describes 90° scattenng Mathematica programs to calculate the senes solutions are also supplied

STUCK DRILL PIPE WHILE DRILLING OPERATION

Oil and companies spend about $20 billion annually on drilling. Unfortunately, not of that money is well spent. A significant portion, around 15%, is attributed to losses. These losses include loss of material, such as drilling equipment (Stuck pipe) and fluids, and loss of drilling process continuity, called nonproductive time (NPT). The objective s of this project are mainly concern and focusing about the downhoe problem during drilling operation in particularly the stuck pipe. The significant objectives of this project are: To measure the parameters that cause the stuck pipe such as Bit weight, coefficient of friction, rate of penetration ,drag and force and mud density To identify the potential formation that makes the stuck pipe by drilling fluid. The methodology of the project are first to have an ultimate background about the downhole problem and the causes that associated with stuck pipe, gathering necessary data for the analysis purpose and compare with the theoretical knowledge and to further conduct an experiment on the drilling fluid to configure the mud cake that mainly cause the differential stuck

Solution of non-integer order differential equations via the adomian decomposition method

AbstractThis paper shows that the Adomian decomposition method can be applied to solve ordinary differential equations of non-integer order

Enhanced Toluene Adsorption in aqueous solution by employing modified Coconut based Activated Carbon

The aim of this research is to produce high quality coconut shell based activated carbon, and testing the adsorption capabilities of Toluene in aqueous solution on modified coconut based activated carbon. One of the most proven effective way for organic solvent removal is adsorption by using activated carbon, using coconut shell as a raw material for the activated carbon due to its availability in Malaysia, and its high recommendation as a raw material worldwide, After sometime during adsorption, the activated carbon will be saturated and need to be regenerated, which is expensive. By increasing the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, the frequency of regeneration can be reduced, therefor reducing the operating cost. The adsorption capacity can be increased by modifying the surface of the activated carbon. Method of modification will be decided depending on the targeted impurities. Based on the characterization analysis, the morphologies of the activated carbon has changed. The experiment would be conducted on a packed bed of activated carbon, and tested at certain values of mass flow rate, pressure and temperature. One of the most common methods used for VOC (Volatile Organic compounds) removal is by using activated carbon. This Experiment would be firstly producing activated carbon and testing it activity level, and then experimenting of the effect and the efficiency of using that activated carbon in toluene purification. The Main aim of this study is to prove the efficiency and the effectiveness of using coconut shell based activated carbon in the purification ofVOCs (Toluene)

Serološka srodnost i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga.

The serologic relationship and antigenic dominance among five Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) isolates, designated VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p and CD, was studied using homologous and heterologous antigens and sera. Cross-serum neutralization test (C-SNT) was used to measure antibody responses to the virus. Generally, close serologic relationships among ADV isolates were noted. Non-significant (P<0.05) variations in the relationship between any two viruses were observed. However, the highest bilateral relationship was observed between VBA2 and VBA3 and between VBA2 and CD isolates of the virus. The antigenic dominance of some viruses over the others was detected with non-significant (P<0.01) levels, although the higher antigenic dominance was observed for CD over VBA3 and mA1p over VBA3 also. In conclusion, neither major serological variations nor antigenic dominance among the five ADVs studied were detected in the present study, hence grouped as one serologic type.Upotrebom homolognih i heterolognih antigena i seruma istraživan je serološki odnos i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga (VBA) označenih VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p i CD. Unakrižnim serum-neutralizacijskim testom mjerena je količina specifičnih protutijela. Općenito je zapažena jaka serološka srodnost između pretraženih izolata. Uočena su beznačajna odstupanja (P<0,05) u srodnosti bilo koja dva izolata. Međutim, najjača srodnost uočena je između VBA2 i VBA3 te između VBA2 i CD izolata. Ustanovljeno je da antigenska prevlast jednih izolata nad drugima nije bila značajna (P<0,01), iako je uočena nešto veća antigenska prevlast CD izolata nad VBA3 te mA1p nad VBA3. Može se zaključiti da u ovom radu nije zabilježeno ni značajnije serološko odstupanje niti antigenska prevlast između pet istraživanih izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga pa su svrstani u jedan serološki tip

Serološka srodnost i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga.

The serologic relationship and antigenic dominance among five Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) isolates, designated VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p and CD, was studied using homologous and heterologous antigens and sera. Cross-serum neutralization test (C-SNT) was used to measure antibody responses to the virus. Generally, close serologic relationships among ADV isolates were noted. Non-significant (P<0.05) variations in the relationship between any two viruses were observed. However, the highest bilateral relationship was observed between VBA2 and VBA3 and between VBA2 and CD isolates of the virus. The antigenic dominance of some viruses over the others was detected with non-significant (P<0.01) levels, although the higher antigenic dominance was observed for CD over VBA3 and mA1p over VBA3 also. In conclusion, neither major serological variations nor antigenic dominance among the five ADVs studied were detected in the present study, hence grouped as one serologic type.Upotrebom homolognih i heterolognih antigena i seruma istraživan je serološki odnos i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga (VBA) označenih VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p i CD. Unakrižnim serum-neutralizacijskim testom mjerena je količina specifičnih protutijela. Općenito je zapažena jaka serološka srodnost između pretraženih izolata. Uočena su beznačajna odstupanja (P<0,05) u srodnosti bilo koja dva izolata. Međutim, najjača srodnost uočena je između VBA2 i VBA3 te između VBA2 i CD izolata. Ustanovljeno je da antigenska prevlast jednih izolata nad drugima nije bila značajna (P<0,01), iako je uočena nešto veća antigenska prevlast CD izolata nad VBA3 te mA1p nad VBA3. Može se zaključiti da u ovom radu nije zabilježeno ni značajnije serološko odstupanje niti antigenska prevlast između pet istraživanih izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga pa su svrstani u jedan serološki tip

Structural basis for recruitment of mitochondrial fission complexes by Fis1

Mitochondrial fission controls mitochondrial shape and physiology, including mitochondrial remodeling in apoptosis. During assembly of the yeast mitochondrial fission complex, the outer membrane protein Fis1 recruits the dynamin-related GTPase Dnm1 to mitochondria. Fis1 contains a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and interacts with Dnm1 via the molecular adaptors Mdv1 and Caf4. By using crystallographic analysis of adaptor-Fis1 complexes, we show that these adaptors use two helices to bind to both the concave and convex surfaces of the Fis1 TPR domain. Fis1 therefore contains two interaction interfaces, a binding mode that, to our knowledge, has not been observed previously for TPR domains. Genetic and biochemical studies indicate that both binding interfaces are important for binding of Mdv1 and Caf4 to Fis1 and for mitochondrial fission activity in vivo. Our results reveal how Fis1 recruits the mitochondrial fission complex and will facilitate efforts to manipulate mitochondrial fission

A series solution approach to monopole scattering

The dynamics of magnetic monopoles is studied Since we set up an initial value problem compatible with the slow-motion approximation, our investigation requires a thorough understanding of the static solutions. Therefore we review those aspects of SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in (3+l)-dimensional Minkowski space-time necessary for our study, in particular, the invariance of the theory under SU(2) gauge transformation, the Bogomornyi-Prasad-Sommerfield limit, certain associated linear equations and their relation to the Riemann-Hilbert problem. We review the ansatz for n-monopole solutions which leads to the existence of a GL(2,C) gauge transformation. The construction of this transformation, which before was not given in explicit form, is our main contribution to setting-up of the initial value problem. This gauge provides analytic real solutions of the monopole equations. Our studies lead us to suitable series solutions which we use to construct a Cauchy problem guided by the idea of the slow-motion approximation. Then the existence of a unique time-dependent series solution of this problem near the origin is shown by using the Cauchy-Kowalewskyi theorem. Finally, we use Mathematica to find the leading terms of the solution which we then use to study the scattering of two monopoles Our most interesting finding is evidence of 90° scattenng