Coping with collaborative and competitive episodes within collaborative remote laboratories

International audienceIn this paper, we provide an original approach to the support of group awareness within collaborative remote laboratories. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning sessions present successively collaborative and emulation episodes. The idea developed here is the elaboration of an architecture for dealing with those two aspects of collaborative sessions for practical remote hands-on approaches. Our purpose is to manage and enhance the learning experience brought to the students who are using collaborative remote laboratories by managing several synchronous accesses made on the remote laboratories platform itself. This contribution relies on an original domain ontology and the associated knowledge management system

State of the Art About Remote Laboratories Paradigms - Foundations of Ongoing Mutations

9 pages. Litterature review made fall 2007 on exisiting Remote Laboratories approaches and technologies.International audienceIn this paper, we provide a literature review of modern remote laboratories. According to this state-of-theart, we explain why remote laboratories are at a technological crossroad, whereas they were slugging for a decade. From various observations based on our review, we try to identify possible evolutions for the next generation of remote laboratories

Jet photonique simple ou double pour la détection d'objets sub-longueur d'onde

National audienceOn appelle « jet photonique » un faisceau électromagnétique ayant une grande concentration de puissance en champ proche. Ce jet photonique possède des propriétés comme une faible divergence et une faible largeur à mi-hauteur. Il peut être appliqué pour la détection d'objet de taille sub-longueur d'onde. Les jets photoniques peuvent être observés pour des longueurs d'onde optiques dans le voisinage d'une sphère diélectrique micrométrique. Ils peuvent être obtenus également dans la gamme des microondes. Dans cet article, nous montrons la réalisation et la mise en évidence de ces jets photoniques dans la gamme microondes. La modélisation développée a permis de mettre en oeuvre des systèmes produisant des jets simples ou doubles. L'expérimentation et ses résultats sont présentés et la détection facile d'objets de faible taille devant la longueur d'onde est mise en évidence ainsi que la mise en évidence de leur mouvement

Firms' Main Market, Human Capital and Wages

Recent international trade literature emphasizes two features in characterizing the current patterns of trade: efficiency heterogeneity at the firm level and quality differentiation. This paper explores human capital and wage differences across firms in that context. We build a partial equilibrium model predicting that firms selling in more-remote markets employ higher human capital and pay higher wages to employees within each education group. The channel linking these variables is firms’ endogenous choice of quality. Predictions are tested using Spanish employer-employee matched data that classify firms according to four main destination markets: local, national, European Union, and rest of the World. Employees’ average education is increasing in the remoteness of firm’s main output market. Market–destination wage premia are large, increasing in the remoteness of the market, and increasing in individual education. These results suggest that increasing globalization may play a significant role in raising wage inequality within and across education groups

Electromagnetic jet for characterization applications

This comparative study allows to evaluate the performance of an electromagnetic jet to determine the electromagnetic response of materials, without being in usual far field conditions. In this work, the reflection coefficient of a substrate with ground plane, calculated analytically, is compared with that determined in simulation by the electromagnetic jet. The results show a satisfactory agreement after calibrating the simulated reflection coefficient at the focal point of the jet. Thus, we were able to find, by a local measurement, data consistent with a classical free space type measurement.Comment: in French language. 17{\`e}mes Journ{\'e}es de Caract{\'e}risation Microondes et Mat{\'e}riaux, Laboratoire GREMAIN; CEA Le Ripault, Apr 2023, TOURS, Franc

Beyond the mean gender wage gap : decomposition of differences in wage distributions using quantile regression

Using linked employer-employee data, this study measures and decomposes the differences in the earnings distribution between male and female employees in Germany. I extend the traditional decomposition to disentangle the effect of human capital characteristics and the effect of firm characteristics in explaining the gender wage gap. Furthermore, I implement the decomposition across the whole wage distribution with the method proposed by Machado and Mata (2005). Thereby, I take into account the dependence between the human capital endowment of individuals and workplace characteristics. The selection of women into less successful and productive firms explains a sizeable part of the gap. This selection is more pronounced in the lower part of the wage distribution than in the upper tail. In addition, women also benefit from the success of firms by rent-sharing to a lesser extent than their male colleagues. This is the source of the largest part of the pay gap. Gender differences in human capital endowment as well s differences in returns to human capital are less responsible for the wage differential

What lies between market and hierarchy? Insights from internalization theory and global value chain theory

In this paper, we suggest that internalization theory might be extended by incorporating complementary insights from GVC theory. More specifically, we argue that internalization theory can explain why lead firms might wish to externalize selected activities, but that it is largely silent on the mechanisms by which those lead firms might exercise control over the resultant externalized relationships with their GVC partners. We advance an explanation linking the choice of control mechanism to two factors: power asymmetries between the lead firms and their GVC partners, and the degree of codifiability of the information to be exchanged in the relationship