Early Life Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure of F0 Zebrafish Causes Hyperactivity in F1 Offspring

As cannabis increases in its accessibility, potency, and acceptance across the United States, investigation into the multigenerational effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure during key stages of development is critical. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there would be behavioral impacts in the F1 offspring following a dose-response of THC exposure (0.08, 0.4, or 1 µM) during development in the F0 generation. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were utilized in this study. Behaviors (locomotive activity and anxiety-like behavior) in the F1 generation were evaluated at 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf) with the larval photometer response (LPR) assay, and at 3, 11, and 24 weeks post-fertilization (wpf) in an open field test (OFT). F1 zebrafish at 120 hpf showed hyperactivity compared to controls in the dark-phase of the LPR assay following F0 exposure to 0.4 and 1 μM THC. In the OFT at 3 wpf, velocity, freezing duration, and time spent in the periphery were not significantly altered compared to controls. At 11 wpf, freezing duration, but not velocity or time spent in the periphery, was significantly increased following parental 0.4 µM THC exposure. At 24 wpf, velocity was significantly increased in the F1 males whose parents were developmentally exposed to 0.08 and 1 µM THC compared to controls. Time spent in the periphery and freezing duration was not significantly altered in F1 males or females at 24 wpf. These results suggest that exposure to cannabis during critical periods of development have multigenerational physiological implications for F1 generations that persist in zebrafish to adulthood, although these effects are not as consistent as observed in F0 following direct exposure

Examining the Relationships Among Injury Outcomes, Velocity and Grip Strength During Dynamic Platform Perturbation

Studies examining the relationship between inputs and outputs for simulated models of dynamically perturbed horizontal platforms are scarce. Most of these scenarios include a standing operator with upper extremity grip, oftentimes subjected to lateral impulses, which may lead to occupant injury. While the detailed study of these collision scenarios is sparse, the prevalence of their application is great. This thesis aims to identify how two input parameters, velocity change (ÄV) and grip strength, affect injury assessment reference values (IARVs). This is accomplished by using Mathematical Dynamic Modeling (MADYMO) software to simulate the scenarios defined by those inputs. In the simulation, an anthropometric test device (ATD) representing the operator is placed in a streamlined quadrilateral model (SQM) representing the dynamic horizontal platform. The SQM is subjected to a deceleration impulse which arrests its motion, causing the ATD to fall and sustain injury. Results from the series of collision scenarios lend themselves to a modified quadratic regression which adequately predicts head injury criteria (HIC), head angular velocity, neck injury criteria (NIC) shear in the positive direction, and NIC-bending in the negative direction. Quantitative analysis of IARVs shows that high grip strengths tend to protect the occupant from injury, while higher ÄVs do not necessarily correlate to injury exacerbation. Visual examination of the collision series at high ÄVs show the ATD being ejected from the SQM, rebounding off the ground, and rolling onto its back. Following from the visual results, it can be concluded that translational movement parallel to the ground and anterior-posterior impacts to the ATD reduce injury. Ejection from the SQM cabin is not correlated with injury reduction because trials where a lateral constraint (door) was present showed dramatically reduced IARVs at the highest ÄV and lowest grip strength condition

A Stable Optical Trap from a Single Optical Field Utilizing Birefringence

We report a stable double optical spring effect in an optical cavity pumped with a single optical field that arises as a result of birefringence. One end of the cavity is formed by a multilayer Al$_{0.92}$Ga$_{0.08}$As/GaAs stack supported by a microfabricated cantilever, with a natural mode frequency of $274$ Hz. The optical spring shifts the resonance to $21$ kHz, corresponding to a suppression of low frequency vibrations by a factor of more than $10^{4}$. The stable nature of the optical trap allows the cavity to be operated without any external feedback and with only a single optical field incident

Administrative Law - Administrative Procedure Act- Status of Tax Court

Petitioner instituted this action before the Tax Court for a review of rulings by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue determining deficiencies in the payment of his income taxes. The Tax Court held that it was not subject to the Administrative Procedure Act and had no means whatever of bringing before it the entire record, so called, that was before the Commissioner. On appeal, held, affirmed. Judicial review of the whole record mentioned in section 10 (e) of the Administrative Procedure Act envisages, in the case of adjudication, a review of the record made in cases governed by sections 5, 7 and 8 of the act. Since these sections have been held inapplicable to the Bureau of Internal Revenue, there is no basis for calling the Tax Court a reviewing court within section 10 (e). O\u27Dwyer v. Commissioner, (4th Cir. 1959) 266 F. (2d) 575, cert. den. 361 U.S. 862 (1959)

Bankruptcy - Creditor\u27s Right Against Entirety Property - Applicablity of State Law When United States is Plaintiff

The United States as assignee sought a joint judgment on four unsecured promissory notes signed by the defendants, who are husband and wife. The proceeds of the notes were used to improve real property held by the entireties by the defendants. The husband had filed in bankruptcy before the assignment of the notes to plaintiff and was discharged from his joint and several liability on the promissory notes prior to the commencement of any action on them. His estate by the entireties, however, was not used to satisfy any listed debts because under state law he had no divisible title which could pass to the trustee in bankruptcy. The federal district court entered judgment for the plaintiff. On appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, held, judgment set aside and case remanded with instructions to dismiss. Since federal courts are not bound to apply state law when the United States is plaintiff, the husband\u27s liability on the notes was discharged in bankruptcy and his release likewise precluded recovery from his wife. Fetter v. United States, (6th Cir. 1959) 269 F. (2d) 467

Torts - Wrongful Death - Expected Inheritance as an Element of Damages

Plaintiff, the widow of a railroad employee who was killed as the result of the defendant\u27s negligence, instituted this action under the Federal Employers\u27 Liability Act to recover damages for his death. The lower court in awarding a judgment refused to include the plaintiff\u27s expectancy of inheritance in the measure of damages. On appeal, held, reversed. The expectance of an inheritance from the deceased is a pecuniary benefit which the beneficiary of the action might reasonably have received if the deceased had not died of his injuries. Martin v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, (5th Cir. 1959) 268 F. (2d) 397

The Synthesis Of 2-(3-Furyloxymethyl) 1,3-Dioxolane.

The decision to attempt the synthesis of furo [3, 2-b] furan was based on four considerations. Firstly, there are an abundance of synthetic and naturally occurring compounds, especially carbohydrate derivatives, containing this ring system in a partially or fully saturated state. Secondly, some of these compounds are physiologically active and others are important industrially. Thirdly, no compound, synthetic or naturally occuring, containing the fully unsaturated nucleus has been reported. Yet this molecule has an uninterrupted chain of six carbon atoms and may conceivably be formed from certain hexose derivatives. By analogy with compounds containing the saturated ring, furo[3,2-b] furan may be physiologically active. Lastly, there is only one synthetic 3-alkoxyfuran, 3·-methoxyfuran. Any intermediate successes toward the stated goal as well as achievement of the final objective will expand knowledge in the difficult area of 3-substituted furan synthesis especially in the presently unexamined area of 3-alkoxyfuran synthesis